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Table 6.
Demonstratives.
Demonstrative Direct Case Oblique Case
this (M)
this (F)
ev
vî
vê
that (M)
that (F)
ew
wî
wê
these ev van
those ew wan
The following examples show some uses of demonstratives. In (35) wê, 3OF,
defines which book the speaker is referring to. Notice that the oblique marker, -ê, on
kitêb, ‘book,’ is the same as the vowel in wê. This will always be so when the noun
requires an oblique marker; the demonstrative and the oblique marker on the head noun
will always match in gender and number. Example (36) shows an example of the near,
plural demonstrative, van, ‘these,’ modifying the noun, qelam, ‘pen,’ which is marked
with the plural oblique suffix, -a.
(35) wê kitêb-ê bi-d-e Azad-î (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:47)
3OF book-OBL.F IRR-give-IMP.SG Azad-OBL.M
‘Give Azad that book.’
(36) van qelem-a ji_bîr_ne-k-e (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:47)
3OPN pen-OBL.PL forget-NEG-do-IMP.SG
‘Don’t (you-SG) forget these pens.’
In the previous two examples, the demonstratives were used as adjectives. In (37)
ev, 3DN, is used as a pronoun in an attributive phrase.
(37) ev-e min=e
3DN-EMPH 1O=COP.PRS.3SG
‘This is mine.’
In (38) ev is used as an adjective, modifying pertûk, ‘book.’ Following pertûk is the rest
of the NP, a feminine ezafe, -a, connecting the prepositional phrase di destê te da, ‘in
your hand.’