Magin_Edward-thesis

100
examples. For more information on other passive voice constructions (other tenses), see
Thackston’s reference grammar on Northern Kurdish (2006).
(127) ez hat-im dît-in (Thackston 2006:67)
1D come.PST-1SG see.PST-INF
‘I was seen.’
(128) ez-ê 56 bê-m dît-in (Thackston 2006:67)
1D-will come.PRS-1SG see.PST-INF
‘I will be seen.’
(129) hat-in=e kuşt-in pirpirîk-ên deng-ê (MX:33)
become.PST-3PL=DIR kill.PST.PTCP-3PL butterfly-EZ.PL sound-EZ.M
agir-ê birîndar
fire-EZ.M wound.PST.PTCP
‘The butterflies of the sound of woulded fire were killed.’
Northern Kurdish also has some verbs that have passive constructions without the
use of hat/bê. However, such verbs do seem to be less common in the language, with
most passive voice utterances requiring constructions like those shown above. In (130)
kuzrîn, ‘have been burned,’ is a passive verb that does not require the verb hat/bê. The
ending must agree with the subject, which in this instance is gulên çîayan, ‘the flowers of
the mountains.’
(130) kuzrî-n gul-ên çîa-yan nêrgiz-ên şeng (BS4:24)
burn.PST.PASS-3PL flower-EZ.PL mountain-OBL.PL narcissus-EZ.PL young
u şepal
and bright
‘The flowers of the mountains have been burned, the young and bright narcissuses.’
4.4.4 Adpositions
Adpositions consist of either one or two prepositions or a circumposition
consisting of one or two prepositions with a postposition. Occasionally only a
postposition is used. As was mentioned in § 4.4.3.6 on complex verbs, certain
56 In Northern Kurdish of Turkey, future tense is accomplished via either the word dê or an =ê enclitic
added to the subject (Thackston 2006:42). I have observed that speakers of the Bahdini dialect of Northern
Iraq almost always use the word dê.