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specific marker, -an or -a, depending on subdialect. There is one exception to this rule.
Speakers of Northern Kurdish in Turkey do not mark masculine obliques (Thackston
2006:8). This exception will be revisited in Chapter 5 when discussing examples of
Cegerxwîn, whose dialect is from Turkey, not Iraq.
4.4.2.3 Personal pronouns
One exception to the rules for oblique case endings is the use of personal
pronouns. Northern Kurdish has two sets of personal pronouns: one for direct case, the
other for oblique case. Both sets are as listed in Table 4.
Table 4.
Personal pronouns
Personal Pronouns Direct Case Oblique Case
1SG ez min
2SG tu te
3SG ew (m/f) wî (m) or wê (f)
1PL em me
2PL hîn or huîn hewe or we
3PL ew wan
REFL
xwe or xu
Below are some examples using personal pronouns. Examples (22) and (23)
contain both direct case and oblique case pronouns. In (23) Babî, the recipient, is in the
oblique case, as was discussed in section 4.4.1.2 on constituent order typology. Example
(24) illustrates the reflexive pronoun xwe, which always refers to the subject within the
clause in which it is found. Additionally, notice that the prepositional phrase does not end
with an oblique suffix. A suffix is unnecessary as the phrase ends with an oblique case
personal pronoun. The semantic categorization of possession is always expressed by
personal pronouns of the oblique case.
(22) min tu dît-î
1O 2D see.PST-2SG
‘I saw you.’