Magin_Edward-thesis

89
script is the standardized orthography, such as in Turkey and Syria, writing the verb in
(77) as çê dikit is more common, although it is never pronounced as three syllables.
(76) ez di-ç-im dikan-ê
1D IPFV-go.PRS-1SG store-OBL.M
‘I’m going to the store.’
(77) Wetfe nan-î çê-d-k-it
Watfa bread-OBL.M make-IPFV-do-3SG
‘Watfa is making bread.’
4.4.3.7.2 Negation
Like the other affixes discussed in this section, the negation marker ne, or na, is
written either as a separate word or as a prefix on a verb. But it may also appear within a
compound verb, such as çê-na-k-et, ‘he or she does not make.’ Unlike the imperfective
aspect affix di, the sounds in this affix never undergo metathesis; the vowel is always
pronounced. Examples from the corpus, shown below in (78) through (80), illustrate
usage of the negative (NEG) affix/word.
(78) wî ne-bada-n hizir u bîr (BS1:43)
3OM NEG-surrender-3PL idea and thought
‘He did not deviate from (his) ideas and thoughts.’
(79) bi-bure ne-şê-m sîtafk-ê bi dest-a (DD:21)
IRR 50 -sorry.IMP.SG NEG-can.PRS-1SG shadow-OBL.F by hand-OBL.PL
bi-kir-im
IRR-do.PRS-1SG
‘Sorry, I cannot touch the shadow.’
(80) teyr-ek îna-n verûçkand-in, nav jê ne çu-Ø (H:4)
bird-INDF bring.PST-3PL deplume.PST-3PL name from.3OM NEG go.PST-3SG
‘They brought a bird and deplumed (it), it did not lose its name.’
4.4.3.7.3 Irrealis modality
Irrealis is a term used to describe “situations that were not or are not yet a reality,
only possibilities” (Whaley 1997:225). The opposite of this, realis, represents those
50 The discussion on irrealis (IRR) follows in § 4.4.3.7.3.