Magin_Edward-thesis

70
(23) ez dê wan da-m=e Bab-î
1D will 3OP give.PRS-1SG=DIR 43 Father-OBL.M.
‘I will give them to Father.’
(24) Sîlev-ê pertûk-êt xwe kirr-în ji dikan-a mam-ê min
Seeluv-OBL.F book-EZ.PL REFL buy.PST-3PL from store-EZ.F uncle-EZ.M 1O
‘Seeluv bought her books from my uncle’s store.’
According to Thackston (2006:18), it is usually necessary to express subject
pronouns. However, in some instances, subject pronouns may be left unexpressed in
certain contexts.
4.4.2.4 Noun modification
Northern Kurdish has both prenominal and postnominal modification. Most
postnominal modification occurs via the ezafe conjunctive particle. The term ezafe comes
from the Arabic word iḍāfat, which means “addition” or “supplement.” Haig states that
“within Iranian linguistics it is used to refer to an unstressed vocalic particle which occurs
between a noun and an adjective or other nominal modifier” (Haig 2011:363).
Prenominal modification consists of numbers, intensifiers and demonstratives. Such
modification does not require any additional particle or connecting word.
4.4.2.4.1 Ezafe conjunctive particle
The ezafe conjunctive particle is predominately used to connect postnominal
modifiers to head nouns. Such modifiers consist of other nouns, pronouns, adjectives and
prepositional phrases. While some Indo-Iranian languages have only a single form of the
ezafe particle, Northern Kurdish has masculine, feminine and plural forms. As well, in
specific situations after an initial ezafe particle has been used, a different ezafe form is
used, which I will refer to as ezafe for secondary construct. Such ezafes are commonly
written as separate words, whereas ezafes for primary constructs are particles attached to
head nouns. Some researchers have written about other uses of the ezafe conjunctive
43 The DIR directional enclitic signifies that the action being performed is going toward something. In the
case of (23), Babî, ‘Father,’ is the RECIPIENT or GOAL of the action.