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person). 136 Then he asks the “someone” a series of questions. The end of each stanza
contains the answers to the questions by the “someone” he is speaking with. In the final
line, the “someone” states that he or she fell (ketîme) into some bad situation. 137 So there
is repetition of words as well as form in each verse, which provides balance in the poem.
5.4.1.4.2 Grammatical parallelism
According to Turco (2000:9), “parallel sentence structures are constructional
schemes, and the prosody that uses them is called grammatical parallelism.” Turco was
applying these terms specifically regarding prose poetry. Mesud Xalaf’s Dahola Êşê,
‘Drum of Pain,’ a prose poem, contains one such parallelism in lines 30 and 31, shown in
(337). The parallelism works to give each line equal weight. Both are passive sentences
beginning with the predicate and followed by the subject, a very uncommon constituent
order for prose poetry. Normal word order for line 30 is aşûpên bextewariyê bijale bûn.
The fronting of the predicates potentially works to make them more salient in the mind of
the reader. But details regarding how foregrounding actually works in Northern Kurdish
is an area requiring further research.
(337) bijale bû-n aşûp-ên bextewar-yê (MX:30)
scatter.PST.PTCP COP.PST-3PL visions-EZ.PL happiness-OBL.F
‘The visions of the happiness were scattered.’
hat-in=e kuşt-in pirpirîk-ên deng-ê (MX:31)
become.PST-3PL=DIR kill.PST.PTCP-3PL butterfly-EZ.PL sound-EZ.M
agir-ê birîndar
fire-EZ.M wound.PST.PTCP
‘The butterflies of the sound of wounded fire were killed.’
Similarly, recall the discussion of lines 11 and 12 from Sindî’s Bîrewerîa Barzanî
Yê Nemir, ‘Memories of Immortal Barzanî,’ in § 5.4.1.1.1, repeated below in (338). In
these lines, Sindî placed the subject after the verb. In line 11, şîn bibin, ‘grow,’ comes
136 In the third verse he meets himself.
137 The end of the last verse varies from the norm. In this instance, the city (not a person) responds by
stating her resolve to stand forever with Barzanî against those who mistreat the Kurdish people.