Magin_Edward-thesis

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98 Table 14. Perfect tense constructions person & number 1SG 2SG 3SG PL suffix & word -î me (118) ez nivist-î-Ø-me (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:296) 1D sleep:PST-PRF-be:PST-1SG ‘I’ve been sleeping.’ (119) ez ne hat-î-Ø-me (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:296) 1D NEG come:PST-PRF-be:PST-1SG ‘I haven’t come.’ (120) wan xwar-î-Ø-ne (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:296) 3OP eat:PST-PRF-be:PST-PL ‘Have they eaten?’ (121) sut-î-Ø-ye li me ceger (BS1:14) burn:PST-PRF-be:PST-3SG in 1OP liver ‘The liver in us has burned.’ (122) ma min tu vîya-y-Ø-î bu milk u mal-î? (AN5:33) INTRG 1O 2D love:PST-PRF-be:PST-3SG for land and belongings-OBL.M ‘Did I love you because of land and belongings (money)?’ -î î -î ye -î ne 4.4.3.9 Past perfect tense The past perfect tense describes actions that began and were completed in the past. For past perfect tense, two things must be done. First, the verb root must be conjugated using the suffix -i. This verb will not receive the ending that matches the subject (in nominative-accusative clauses) or object (in ergative-absolutive clauses). Additionally, a word that matches the person and number of the subject or object must be added after the conjugated verb, similar to the past tense subjunctive constructions discussed in § 4.4.3.7.3.6. Table 15 lists the suffixes with the additional words for each person and number. Following the table are some examples with past perfect construction.
99 Table 15. Past perfect tense constructions 54 person & number suffix & word 1SG -i bîm/bûm 2SG -i bî/bû 3SG -i bî/bû 1PL -i bîn/bûn 2PL & 3PL -i bîn/bûn (123) ez çû-Ø 55 bî-m bajêrr-î (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:314) 1D go.PST-PPFT PPFT-1SG city-OBL.M ‘I had gone to the city.’ (124) ji berî nuke wî ez dît-i bî-m (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:314) From before now 3OM 1D see.PST-PPFT PPFT-1SG ‘He had seen me just before now.’ (125) min dergeh girt-i bî-Ø (Şirîn and Buşra 2006:314) 1O door close.PST-PPFT PPFT-3SG ‘I had closed the door.’ (126) me dît-i bu-Ø (Thackston 2006:56) 1op see.PST-PPFT ‘We had seen (it).’ 4.4.3.10 Passive voice PPFT-3SG Passive voice is usually conveyed by the verb hat/bê, ‘come,’ in conjunction with the infinitive form of the verb of action or state. The verb hat/bê must be conjugated to agree with the subject. The infinitive form of the verb of action or state, which follows hat/bê, consists of the past tense root with the 3PL suffix. In passive constructions, the verb, hat/bê, may be transcribed as ‘become/became.’ Below, I have included only a few 54 Some dialects in Northern Iraq use the vowel û instead of î. Şirîn & Buşra’s publications exhibit the use of î, as this usage is more common in the speech varieties in the city of Zaxo. Like the constructions for the perfect tense, the added word for the past perfect construction stems from the verb bûn (or bîn), ‘be.’ 55 According to Şirîn & Buşra (2006: 314) the -i suffix is often not uttered in both pronunication and writing. Some speakers may change the sound to î, therein making it more distinct.
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Graduate Institute of Applied Lingu
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© 2012 Edward Harry Magin Jr. All
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THESIS DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby
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DEDICATION to my Naphtili, who has
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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4.4.3.5 Irregular verbs ...........
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6.2 Shushi’s version of Allah ...
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List of Figures Figure 1. Meta-lite
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Prefixes, infixes, suffixes, partic
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1. Introduction 1.1 General The pur
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3 1.3 The people and the language N
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2. Literature review 2.1 History of
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7 2.1.1 Before 1920 The division of
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9 The most revered poet among Kurds
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11 (Shakely 2002). According to Mac
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13 He was a severe social critic, r
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15 Kurdish intellectuals in Turkey
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17 The publication of magazines in
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19 2.2 On translating poetry The op
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21 literature in general, can provi
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23 his audience and their cognitive
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25 trying to grasp that meaning we
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27 INTERPRETATION POETRY Critical e
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29 there was no epic meter in the l
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31 while it may be difficult to dis
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33 No version of poetry, however fa
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35 Pound also produced poems that a
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37 Can it be said that the possibil
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39 Accuracy can include: 1. represe
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41 the classical poets, they wrote
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43 two famous Kurdish poets, Ahmed
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45 it was winter and they had no fo
Page 73 and 74: 47 In Kurdistan, in winter, the nig
Page 75 and 76: 49 there were some expectations of
Page 77 and 78: 51 the only Northern Kurdish term t
Page 79 and 80: 53 3.7 Quçan on imagery in his poe
Page 81 and 82: 55 some similarities to the system
Page 83 and 84: 57 f, F [f] like ‘f’ in ‘find
Page 85 and 86: 59 4.2.4 Glides A glide is often ad
Page 87 and 88: 61 (4) min guh li te ne bî. (Şir
Page 89 and 90: 63 root” (Whaley 1997:128). The f
Page 91 and 92: 65 where the verb agrees with the s
Page 93 and 94: 67 Gender can only be learned throu
Page 95 and 96: 69 specific marker, -an or -a, depe
Page 97 and 98: 71 particle, such as in relativizat
Page 99 and 100: 73 The discussion above summarizes
Page 101 and 102: 75 Table 6. Demonstratives. Demonst
Page 103 and 104: 77 NP = (DEM)(NUM) head-noun ( [ EZ
Page 105 and 106: 79 Table 7. Verb suffixes Non-past
Page 107 and 108: 81 attached to the adjective cuan i
Page 109 and 110: 83 (59) ew dixtur bî-Ø 3D doctor
Page 111 and 112: 85 (64) pênc zarok-ên wî hene (T
Page 113 and 114: 87 the nonverbal element çê and t
Page 115 and 116: 89 script is the standardized ortho
Page 117 and 118: 91 Imperatives and wishes may seem
Page 119 and 120: 93 (94) ez di-şê-m b-ê-m 1D IPFV
Page 121 and 122: 95 where we would expect to see it.
Page 123: 97 absolutive sentences, it must ma
Page 127 and 128: 101 adpositional phrases have a spe
Page 129 and 130: 5. Analysis of Northern Kurdish poe
Page 131 and 132: 105 and free variation, which conce
Page 133 and 134: 107 free from rhyming and the secon
Page 135 and 136: 109 Table 17. Poems using çuarkî
Page 137 and 138: 111 Tercîa band means when you hav
Page 139 and 140: 113 5.3.2 Line syllable count The s
Page 141 and 142: 115 (140) xwozîya kesê guh daye m
Page 143 and 144: 117 of Immortal Barzanî,’ the pr
Page 145 and 146: 119 of the prose poems in the corpu
Page 147 and 148: 121 sequences are different and the
Page 149 and 150: 123 (161) şînyî u tazî ji gelî
Page 151 and 152: 125 Table 21. Orthographic consonan
Page 153 and 154: 127 analysts have used to describe
Page 155 and 156: 129 are three lines and two of the
Page 157 and 158: 131 multisyllable A' and A'' rhymes
Page 159 and 160: 133 ceger ker with liber anber. The
Page 161 and 162: 135 (188) em li ber şewqa hîvîan
Page 163 and 164: 137 Hence, “the immediate effect
Page 165 and 166: 139 evro vala=ye today vacant=COP.P
Page 167 and 168: 141 (201) hatî piling-ê nehîn (A
Page 169 and 170: 143 baẍ u rez u darubar garden an
Page 171 and 172: 145 tu hêye ve 2D exist.PRS.2SG ag
Page 173 and 174: 147 (215) dê gurîk-im vî can-î
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149 verb and recipient, bidey me. I
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151 SRMs is outside the scope of th
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153 subject, hevalan, is actually a
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155 (236) tazî ya Qazî jibîr ne-
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157 baẍ u rez u darubar garden an
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159 u hestîê min, ‘body and bon
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161 generally refer to the omission
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163 are in parentheses. For the con
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165 ‘because of him.’ If the pr
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167 instances ellipsis of object pr
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169 And in (268), there is no ezafe
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171 (274) agr-ek boş li ser helkir
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173 sentence. Hence, the final noun
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175 5.4.1.3.1 Use of alternate word
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177 with subdialect differences. Wh
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179 (296) kanê gundî (BS6:17-19)
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181 Kurds from an area other than S
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183 (304) erê sîlav çima evro me
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185 Relativizers can often be left
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187 Şivan her roj sêvekê xwit.
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189 5.4.1.4.1 Repetition and repeti
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191 (321) geh şax=e geh westan=e e
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193 (323) dergeh-ê jîn u hîvî-a
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195 (326) şêr ew=in u sef dirrî-
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197 (335) ev-e fexr-a me hemy-a bû
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199 before the subject nêrgiz, ‘
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201 (341) mililet-ê Kurd pir wefa=
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203 (344) te di-vêt ku bi-de-m te
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205 The chiasmus in Cegerxwîn’s
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207 is not a hunter.’ 144 5.5 Sum
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209 As I see it, verse poetry depen
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211 ‘break,’ as Shushi describe
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213 In the second line, we had mult
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215 use to describe a situation whe
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217 God rest-OBL.M in.midst.of mise
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219 create an independent clause, j
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221 instead of using a word for ‘
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223 poetic language: “What is pos
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225 AN1 by Ahmed Nalbend translated
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227 Siḧarê xîv bi bûn sor gul.
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229 Memik sor bûn wekî sêva. The
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233 Kurds are dear and happy Dîn p
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235 Sutî li min cerg u dil My live
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237 Kê baş nevêt ew rûyê spî
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241 Hell is burning (for him) and f
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245 We want you to give us pressure
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247 BS1 by Badirxan Sindî translat
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249 Where’s the knight of the ste
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253 “Şurşivanê Kurdanim.”
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255 “Whose lover and euphoric one
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261 Çûn ser sêdar u qinaran hewa
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267 They said, Yes .. we saw it. Ji
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271 He was the disciple of the love
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273 At times it is the king, at tim
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275 Rûniştîe li birca belek He r
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277 CX3 by Cegerxwîn translated by
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279 DD by Deyka Dalyayê translated
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281 ez u tu dê digurekî da nivîn
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Note: The dots and question marks i
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285 HS by Hisin Silêvanî translat
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287 When she fills her empty shotgl
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289 those who are exploited. Jê di
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291 gîfankên bajêrvanîê, 40 th
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293 In the long roads of the city q
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295 Yan ji ber rengê goma xwîna d
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297 name of all and everybody. Ji d
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299 hitting his head against a wall
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301 MQ2 by Mihsin Quçan translated
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303 li derazînka on the doorsteps
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305 MT1 by Mu’eyed Teyb translate
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307 Bi qelem û defterên wan yarî
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309 min serek girit 10 I took one s
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311 ji dilbera dêm befir u xwîn o
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313 Şev sêwî, tenha û belengaz.
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315 SS1 by Şaban Silêman translat
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317 We have become lost beyond the
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319 SS2 by Şaban Silêman translat
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321 Xatwîna min.. 25 My dear.. Li
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323 The intention of love ewe― is
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325 INTERVIEW WITH REŞÎD FINDÎ M
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327 poetry that he wrote that deals
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329 ‘necessary.’ Sometimes, lik
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331 contact with poets. Indeed, my
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333 EM: We talked about five differ
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335 EM: Thank you. Can you describe
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337 CVVC, and each one gives you a
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339 and free of qafîa. Because I c
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341 that time we respected women mo
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343 INTERVIEW WITH MIHSIN QUÇAN Th
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345 it was Kurdistan. But after a w
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347 EM: What are the other subjects
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349 Sadîq Şabak, if you can call
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351 INTERVIEW WITH MU’EYED TEYB T
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353 you can say, was more knowledge
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REFERENCES ADAMS, STEPHEN. 1997. Po
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357 HAIG, GEOFFREY. 2011. Linker, r
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359 MURRY, JOHN MIDDLETON. 1969. Pe
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361 ŞIRÎN. 2006. English-Kurmanji
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VITA Edward H. Magin Jr. did his un
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