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order would be jiber ‘Işqa te ezim buhijtî. My consultant did not take issue with this
displacement and said that it “sounds more poetic.” The placement of ji ber had no effect
on changing the syllable count for the line.
(249) ’Işqa te ezim ji_ber buhijtî (AN5:28)
love-EZ.F you 1D=COP.PRS.1SG because.of melt.PST.PTCP
‘Because of your love, I am the one who is melted.’
In example (250), the word lewa, which is often translated as ‘that is why’ or
‘thus,’ is not in its normal place at the beginning of the clause, which begins with şewiq,
‘light.’ Looking at the end of line 30, also shown, it seems clear that Sindî put lewa at the
end of 29 to rhyme with xewa, ‘dreaming.’ My consultant said that while lewa is
abnormal at the end of this clause, it is still acceptable.
(250) ew çira-yên mililet=în 100 -e şewiq veda-n bu me (BS4:29, 30)
3dp light-EZ.PL people=COP.3PL-SRM light give.PST-3PL for us
lewa
that.is.why
‘They are the lights of the people; that is why they gave off light for us.’
bilbil-ên şerm=in di-xuîn-in, Kurdu,
nightingale-EZ.PL disgraced=COP.PRS.3SG IMPV-sing.PRS-3SG Kurd
dê rab-e ji xewa
will awake-IMP.SG from dreaming
‘The disgraced of the nightingales are singing: Hey Kurd, wake up from dreaming!’
5.4.1.2 Ellipsis
Ellipsis has been the subject of many books and the term is often defined so as to
distinguish it from other syntactic occurrences resulting from pragmatic decisions, such
as sluicing and gapping. 101 In the discussion that follows, I will use the term ellipsis to
100 The original text has this copular clitic as -în, which does not agree with the subject ew, the first person,
plural direct case pronoun. It may be a typographical error or some unknown meaning.
101 An in-depth analysis of various types of omissions is beyond the scope of this paper. For a thorough
discussion on the subject, I refer the reader to Anne Lobeck’s book, Ellipsis: functional heads, licensing, &
identification, 1995.