Magin_Edward-thesis

141
(201) hatî piling-ê nehîn (AN2:64)
come.PST.PTCP tiger-EZ.M courageous
‘It has come, the courageous tiger.’
VS word order was used several times in a free verse poem, Dahola Êşê, ‘Drum
of Pain,’ by Mesud Xalaf. In (202), the head noun xweziyên, ‘desires,’ and the rest of the
noun phrase that follows, is positioned after the verb difirîn, ‘were flying.’ In (203), the
subject aşûpên bextewariyê, ‘visions of happiness,’ comes after the verb bijale bûn, ‘were
scattered.’ In the last example, (204), the passive verb hatine kuştin, ‘became killed,’ is
before the subject noun phrase beginning with pirpirîkên, ‘butterflies,’ the head noun.
Minimally, this VS order shows that at least one modern poet, writing in prose, has
chosen to deviate from normal constituent order.
(202) bê sînor di-firî-n xweziy-ên bê nav û nîşan (MX:8)
Without limit IPFV.fly.PST-3PL desire-EZ.PL without name and address
‘Desires without name and address were flying without limit.’
(203) bijale bû-n aşûp-ên bextewar-yê (MX:32)
scatter-PST.PTCP COP.PST-3PL visions-EZ.PL happiness-OBL.F
‘The visions of the happiness were scattered.’
(204) hat-in=e kuşt-in pirpirîk-ên deng-ê (MX:33)
become.PST-3PL=DIR kill.PST.PTCP-3PL butterfly-EZ.PL sound-EZ.M
agir-ê birîndar
fire-EZ.M wound.PST.PTCP
‘The butterflies of the sound of wounded fire were killed.’
5.4.1.1.2 Adjective Phrase/Noun Phrase-Copula-Subject
The corpus contained both Attributive (adjective phrase as predicate) and
Equative (noun phrase as predicate) clauses wherein the subject was put after the copula.
Typically the order for copular sentences is Subject – Predicate Adjective Phrase or Noun
Phrase – Copula. In one poem in particular, Cegerxwîn’s Dilê Cegerxwîn, ‘Cegerxwîn’s
Heart,’ one defining feature of the poem is that subjects come at the end of most phrases.
For example, in line 4, shown in (205), the attribute xwînxwar, ‘terrible,’ with the 3SG
copula, e, comes before the subject dil, ‘heart.’ In fact, the word dil and its referent, ew,
3D, are subjects at the end of many phrases throughout the poem.