Organizational Development for Knowledge Management at Water ...

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After Action Review A group process for assessing the effectiveness of events or the way situations were handled. Supports: knowledge sharing, learning, assessment, knowledge retention, innovation LEVEL OF EFFORT SIZE OF UTILITY SCOPE OF WORK MED SCALABLE WIDE While After Action Reviews were initiated by the military a number of years ago, they have more recently been effectively used in organizations with diverse missions. The concept is that key questions are asked by engaged stakeholders following every event or situation to assess the context of the event and capture the learning that has occurred. The After Action Review Learning and Assessment Document is ―pushed‖ (via email or a pre-determined reporting process) to those individuals to whom it has immediate relevance, and stored virtually for future ease of access to the larger utility team. After Action Reviews serve as real-time on-going assessment vehicles as well as to build shared understanding in those who participated. They also serve as lessons learned for those who later read them and assessment instruments for those who later analyze them, perhaps as part of a larger pattern of events. People involved in the action part of the effort are questioned carefully about their feelings, perceptions, why they did what they did and what they expected the outcome to be. By helping the individual participants re-live the entire sequence of the effort, they learn to reflect on the sequence, understand why things happened and as a result they gain a deeper understanding of the nature and behavior of the activity. See Lessons Learned Sample Report. An essential feature of the AAR process adopted by the U.S. Army is involvement of all personnel, soldiers and leaders, immediately after an event, while the details are still fresh in their minds. They compare the actual outcome of the event with the intended outcome, discovering what went right and why, and why went wrong and why. The discussion is completely candid and without consciousness of rank. Thus leaders and soldiers can openly and honestly discuss what actually transpired in sufficient detail and clarity that not only will everyone understand what did and did not occur and why, but most important will have a strong desire to seek the opportunity to practice the task again. To help promote this openness and honesty, the Army publication on AARs directed that seating be arranged in a horseshoe shape, so that the greatest number of soldiers have front-row seats. The officers sit behind the soldiers. Additionally, the AAR leader is often a trained facilitator and not one of the commanders. In Case Example #6, SHELL HP uses AARs. For a U.S. Army example of application of the AAR, see Case Example #7. For their impact in USAID, see Case Example #17. The Singapore Armed Forces expanded the After Action/Action Learning process to include three phases: Before Action Learning (BAL), During Action Leaning (DAL) and After Action Learning (AAL). During the BAL, the group identifies what it thinks will happen and why and how it will happen. After the action has started, the group stops and evaluates what has happened, how it differs from what was expected, and then incorporates any needed changes from the original action plan. After the action is completed, a third learning review occurs to C-9 ©2011 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
assess their overall performance and what lessons have been learned. These results are then forwarded to a lessons learned center for review, storage and use in training other soldiers. Expected Outcomes: The individuals involved learn and remember more if they figure it out themselves rather than being told what went right and what went wrong. The shared learning experience promotes the bonding of the group or project team. Individuals understand the activity and the consequences of their own role in it. Teams learn how to ask the right questions and the importance of collaboration, trust and honesty in both communications and actions. See: Project Study #23 (Louisville Water Company, KY) Case Example #6 (Shell HP) Case Example #7 (US Army) Case Example #17 (USAID) Tools: Action Learning Key Learnings Document Learning History Lessons Learned Peer View Process Ideas: Group Learning Knowledge Sharing C-10 ©2011 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Organizational Development for Know
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About the Water Research Foundation
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DISCLAIMER This study was jointly f
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©2011 Water Research Foundation. A
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The
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efore individuals were located who
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Q3 and Q7 were dichotomous, request
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The “Other” category included i
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Q1-C Q1-D 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 101
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Change Employees have to be certi
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Question 4: Briefly list the opport
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Relevant and affordable training C
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Stay on pace with rate making proje
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Question 7: How well do employees s
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knowledge, silos, planning, workloa
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Education level of many employees i
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Mayor/ council with limited vision
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How people become entrenched in doi
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Willing leaders Management that is
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Q14 How would you describe a succes
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Time specific and did not develop s
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The migration of long-tenured emplo
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CORE PLANNING PROCESSES In the 4003
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potential of current and future inf
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Bring Employees into the Project By
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SUCCESS FROM ANOTHER VIEWPOINT Proj
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constraints can limit the ability f
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causes them to have serious concern
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# Subject Utility Size Estimated Co
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# Subject Utility Size Estimated Co
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Appendix B WaterRF 4003 Project Stu
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Project Study # 2 Development of Op
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Project Study # 4 Public Relations
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Project Study # 6 Succession Planni
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Project Study # 8 Adopting the SOP
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Tualatin Valley Water District Work
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Board Goals & TVWD Demographics Dro
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Message to Employees The future of
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Self Nomination • We asked employ
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TVWD Expected Outcomes 1. Raise awa
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process improvement, which has been
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1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of a docume
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• Ensuring the content of process
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• T15-00002 is used as a high-lev
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When the document is submitted for
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1.15.4. Changing Process Owners Cha
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EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS QBD Approved Pr
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5.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS This sectio
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Source/Standard Standards, codebook
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REFERENCE DOCUMENTS £ All necessar
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ATTACHMENTS £ There is a 1-to-1 ma
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Begin Changing Existing Documents D
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Project Study # 12 Using contract e
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Project Study # 14 Converting from
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Project Study # 16 Career Ladder Pr
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Project Study # 18 Hired a private
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Project Study # 20 On the Job Train
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Benefits: Our retiree training prog
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Project Study # 23 Louisville Water
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Presented by: Carl Blanton INTRODUC
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LOUISVILLE WATER COMPANY KNOWLEDGE
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*(Source: Knowledge Retention: A gu
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The most common techniques are thos
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‣ Less is more - the goal is to d
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Technical Knowledge to be retained:
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6. What are the key lessons learned
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Cost: No cost noted Benefits: Syste
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CHECKLIST - WHAT ARE WE LOOKING FOR
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Partnership Among Employees 1. Syst
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Planning & Results 1. System Operat
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Best Practices, Resources, Recommen
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Natural Work Team Observation Check
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Page 270 and 271: Project Study # 25 LWC Process & Op
Page 272 and 273: CUSTOMER SERVICE & PUBLIC INFORMATI
Page 274 and 275: BUSINESS RISK 2 Process Improvement
Page 276 and 277: 5. Distribution Truck Cycle Count 6
Page 278 and 279: Supplying Financial Resources 30 Pr
Page 280 and 281: Infrastructure Planning 5 Process I
Page 282 and 283: 3. MDO Truck Inventory Controls (2
Page 284 and 285: 1. Federal Taxes on Bonus Checks (3
Page 286 and 287: Supplying Human Resources & Labor R
Page 288 and 289: LWC Process Improvement Business Sy
Page 290 and 291: Improvement Operational Business Sy
Page 292 and 293: 188 Process/Operational Improvement
Page 294 and 295: Project Study # 26 LWC Talent Resou
Page 296 and 297: Content in their Talent Resource Fo
Page 298 and 299: WATER COMPANY 2008 INDIVIDUAL DEVEL
Page 300 and 301: Project Study # 29 The Directions P
Page 302 and 303: In recognition for the Alliance’s
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Page 306 and 307: Project Study # 33 Sharepoint for S
Page 308 and 309: Appendix C Knowledge Management Too
Page 310 and 311: Introduce the practice of reflectio
Page 312 and 313: Ideas: Group Learning Individual Le
Page 314 and 315: 3. Find the First Cut Affinity Alth
Page 318 and 319: Appreciative Inquiry 3 An approach
Page 320 and 321: Ba Spaces Collaborative spaces desi
Page 322 and 323: Prepare for your meetings and excha
Page 324 and 325: All of this information provides th
Page 326 and 327: Brain Writing 4 A process to help g
Page 328 and 329: Brainstorming A process for enhanci
Page 330 and 331: Case Study An approach to learning
Page 332 and 333: Causal Loop Diagram 5 A process for
Page 334 and 335: 6. Distinguishing between perceived
Page 336 and 337: Collaborative Problem Solving Forum
Page 338 and 339: (3) Idea Generation Once the root c
Page 340 and 341: Communications Plan A method for li
Page 342 and 343: Case Example #16 (Virginia Departme
Page 344 and 345: Community of Practice A group of in
Page 346 and 347: Concept Mapping A technique for map
Page 348 and 349: Step 2: The Right-Hand Column (what
Page 350 and 351: Specifically, document repositories
Page 352 and 353: Expected Outcomes: Better decisions
Page 354 and 355: findings; dialogues from a panel di
Page 356 and 357: Facilitation A process for leading
Page 358 and 359: quietly muttered under his breath a
Page 360 and 361: 1. At the top of the T, write the i
Page 362 and 363: Initially broad: "Tell me about..."
Page 364 and 365: What documents do you keep on your
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Knowledge Audit 8 An inquiry into w
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KnowledgeBase Roadmap 9 A framework
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eduction, and total ownership cost.
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Work Product: ―As-Is‖ model and
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Training can be accomplished within
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Estimate effort in ongoing maintena
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In the virtual application, the imp
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In Project Study #23, a KM action p
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KMO interviews organization members
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As an example of knowledge mapping,
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Knowledge Mapping Sample Questions
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Peer View Process Shared Space The
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like items. The concepts are define
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But how far should we go in listing
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Ladder of Inference An approach for
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Tools: Collaborative Problem Solvin
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Step 1. Select Interview Candidates
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Learning How to Learn 1 A process f
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highlighting or underlining passage
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I am particularly interested in the
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Feedback from these two avenues sta
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Mentoring A learning relationship b
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Peer View Process A process for bui
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“Follow the Flow Hmmm. Now how do
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Relationship Building 1 Processes f
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Expected Outcomes: Better understan
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Fast is critical in the ever-increa
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Sleep On It An approach for improvi
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Information to build these networks
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Storyboards An approach to sequenti
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When well constructed, stories can
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Success Stories A strong methodolog
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The World Café A process for build
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Wiki A web site or group of web pag
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Appendix D Assessment Instrument Qu
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VERY VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TOOLKIT [INSER
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implementation. If this limitation
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and experience in order for the str
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Q10-1: Selecting level 1 indicates
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KM. It may be useful to review The
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Resources. Relationship Network Man
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Processes in the Executing phase of
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Q23-2: Selecting level 2 indicates
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the Tools section of the toolkit un
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and Success” and the MQI paper
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worthwhile to include team training
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issue could require careful conside
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Appendix E Knowledge Management Too
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Knowledge Management Knowledge Mana
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Knowledge and information managemen
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Introduction to the Instrument The
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Ensuring Leadership Commitment Deve
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outcomes. For example, if the desir
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Setting Objectives Connecting the D
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while also supporting ease of acces
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Every decision an individual makes
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Leading and Managing The Four Organ
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Problem-solving is one of the most
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The exit interview uses the intervi
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Nurturing Organizational Health Emb
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and to create new knowledge through
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Appendix F Business Case for Knowle
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for their division, department and
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Because each utility is different a
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Regulatory Perspectives for the Wat
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Appendix H Knowledge Management Too
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Inventories. The inventory is a det
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COMMUNICATIONS PUBLICATIONS Backgro
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COMMUNITY OUTREACH Contest. A proce
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CROSS-UTILITY COLLABORATION Inter-U
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INDIVIDUAL LEARNING Professional De
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KNOWLEDGE SHARING Ask, Learn, Share
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LEADERSHIP COMMITMENT VISIBILITY i
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Training Videos. (1) Support materi
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REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR BUILDING SH
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eference for the same topic or issu
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You Tube. You Tube provides a publi
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Appendix I Knowledge Management Too
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Agency strategic resource to enhanc
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NASA (National Aeronautics and Spac
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Records 20 On the Job Training Sout
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Lehigh County Authority, Allentown,
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Resources Tools Ideas Project Studi
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White Papers The WaterRF 4003 Knowl
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1P-2C-4003-04/11-FP 6666 West Quinc
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