Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

canning The process of preserving food by sterilisation andcooking in a sealed metal can, which destroys bacteria and protectsfrom recontamination. If foods are sterilised and cooked inglass jars that are then closed with hermetically sealed lids, theprocess is known as bottling.Canned foods are sometimes known as tinned foods, becausethe cans were originally made using tin-plated steel. Usually nowthey are made of lacquered steel or aluminium.In aseptic canning, foods are presterilised at a very hightemperature (150–175 °C) for a few seconds and then sealedinto cans under sterile (aseptic) conditions. The flavour,colour and retention of vitamins are superior with this shorttimehigh-temperature process compared with conventionalcanning.canola Oilseeds of the brassica family that contain less than specifiedamounts of glucosinolates and erucic acid. Canola oil is7% saturated, 62% mono-unsaturated, 31% polyunsaturated,vitamin E 17.1 mg, K 122 mg.See also mustard oil; rapeseed.cantaloupe See melon.canthaxanthin A red carotenoid pigment, not a precursor ofvitamin a. It is used as a food colour (E-161g), and can be addedto the diet of broiler chickens to colour the skin and shanks, andto the diet of farmed trout to produce the same bright colouras is seen in wild fish.CAP Controlled atmosphere packaging.cape gooseberry Fruit of the Chinese lantern Physalis peruviana,P. pubescens or P. edulis; herbaceous perennial resembling smallcherry, surrounded by dry, bladder-like calyx, also known asgolden berry, physalis, Chinese lantern, Peruvian cherry andground tomato.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 94%) water 85.4 g, 222 kJ(53 kcal), protein 1.9 g, fat 0.7 g, carbohydrate 11.2 g, ash 0.8 g,Ca 9 mg, Fe 1 mg, P 40 mg, vitamin A 36 µg RE, B 1 0.11 mg, B 20.04 mg, niacin 2.8 mg, C 11 mg.caper Unopened flower buds of the subtropical shrub Capparisspinosa or C. inermis with a peppery flavour; commonly used inpickles and sauces. Unripe seeds of the nasturtium (Tropaeolummajus) may be pickled and used as a substitute.capercaillie (capercailzie) A large game bird (Tetrao urogallus),also known as wood grouse or cock of the wood.capillary flow The way in which a liquid will rise inside a capillarytube, above the bulk liquid surface, as a result of surface tension.capillary fragility A measure of the resistance to rupture of thesmall blood vessels (capillaries), which would lead to leakage of89