Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

226chewing gum, a powder to be sprinkled on food and capsules andtablets.guar gum Cyamopsis gum; from the cluster bean, Cyamopsistetragonolobus. Member of Leguminosae, used in India as livestockfeed. The gum is a water-soluble galactomannan; used in‘slimming’ preparations, since it is not digested by digestiveenzymes, and experimentally in the treatment of diabetes, sinceit slows the absorption of glucose after a meal.guava Fruit of the central and south American tropical shrubPsidium guajava.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 78%) water 81 g, 285 kJ(68 kcal), protein 2.5 g, fat 0.9 g, carbohydrate 14.3 g (8.9 g sugars),fibre 5.4g, ash 1.4g, Ca 18mg, Fe 0.3mg, Mg 22mg, P 40mg, K417mg, Na 2mg, Zn 0.2mg, Cu 0.2mg, Mn 0.2mg, Se 0.6µg,vitamin A 31µg RE (5578µg carotenoids), E 0.7mg, K 2.6mg, B 10.07 mg, B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 1.1 mg, B 6 0.11 mg, folate 49 µg, pantothenate0.5 mg, C 228 mg.A 55 g serving (1 fruit without refuse)is a source of folate, a rich source of vitamin C.guinea corn See sorghum.guinea fowl Game bird, now farmed, Numida meleagris, notseasonal.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 64%) water 74 g, 460 kJ(110 kcal), protein 20.6 g, fat 2.5 g (of which 32% saturated, 37%mono-unsaturated, 32% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 63 mg,carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.3 g, Ca 11 mg, Fe 0.8 mg, Mg 24 mg, P169 mg, K 220 mg, Na 69 mg, Zn 1.2 mg, Se 17.5 µg, vitamin A12µg retinol, B 1 0.07 mg, B 2 0.11 mg, niacin 8.8 mg, B 6 0.47 mg,folate 6 µg, B 12 0.4µg, pantothenate 0.9 mg, C 2 mg. A 100 gserving is a source of pantothenate, a good source of P, Se,vitamin B 6 ,a rich source of niacin, vitamin B 12 .guinea pepper See pepper, melegueta.gum Carbohydrate polymers that can disperse in water to form aviscous mucilaginous mass. Used in food processing to stabiliseemulsions, as a thickening agent and in sugar confectionery.Most (apart from dextrans) are not digested and have no foodvalue, although they contribute to the intake of non-starchpolysaccharides.Exudate gums: karaya (sterculia) from Sterculia arens,partially acetylated high molecular weight heteropolymers ofrhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid; tragacanth fromAstralagus spp. a neutral arabinogalactan; ghatti from Anageissuslatifolia.Seed gums: guar from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus; locust beanis Ceratonia siliqua; psyllium Plantago spp. esp. P. ovata; quinceseed Cydonia vulgaris and C. oblongata.