Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

nutro-macaroni Indian; mixture of 80 parts wheat flour, 20 partsdefatted peanut meal (19% protein).nuts Hard-shelled fruit of a wide variety of trees, e.g. almonds,brazil, cashew, peanut, walnut. All have high fat content,45–60%; high protein content, 15–20%; 15–20% carbohydrate.The chestnut is an exception, with 3% fat and 3% protein, beinglargely carbohydrate, 37%. A number of nuts are grown mainlyfor their oils; see oilseed.NVDP Non-volatile decomposition products.nyctalopia See night blindness.nystagmus Rapid involuntary movement of the eyes, as when followinga moving object; may also occur as a result of a congenitaldefect, and in the wernicke–korsakoff syndrome due tovitamin b 1 deficiency.O339Oatrim TM fat replacer made from non-starch polysaccharide.oats Grain from Avena spp., especially A. sativa, A. steritis and A.strigosa. Oatmeal, ground oats; oatflour, ground and branremoved; groats, husked oats; Embden groats, crushed groats;Scotch oats, groats cut into granules of various sizes; Sussexground oats, very finely ground oats; rolled oats, crushed byrollers and partially precooked.Composition /100 g: water 8 g, 1628 kJ (389 kcal), protein16.9 g, fat 6.9 g (of which 20% saturated, 37% mono-unsaturated,42% polyunsaturated), carbohydrate 66.3 g, fibre 10.6 g, ash 1.7 g,Ca 54mg, Fe 4.7mg, Mg 177mg, P 523mg, K 429mg, Na 2mg, Zn4mg, Cu 0.6 mg, Mn 4.9 mg, vitamin E 1.1 mg, B 1 0.76 mg, B 20.14 mg, niacin 1 mg, B 6 0.12 mg, folate 56 µg, pantothenate 1.3 mg.A 30 g serving is a source of Cu, Mg, P, vitamin B 1 ,a rich sourceof Mn.obesity Excessive accumulation of body fat. A body mass index(BMI) above 30 kg/m 2 is considered to be obesity (and above 40gross obesity). The desirable range of BMI for optimum lifeexpectancy is 20–25; between 25 and 30 is considered to beoverweight rather than obesity. People more than 50% abovedesirable weight are twice as likely to die prematurely as thosewithin the desirable weight range.obesity, dietary Obesity in experimental animals induced by overfeeding,as opposed to pharmacological treatment or as a resultof genetic defects.ob-ob mouse A genetically obese mouse; the defective genewas cloned in 1994, and the gene product was identified asleptin.