Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

340obstipation Extreme and persistent constipation caused byobstruction of the intestinal tract.oca Tuber of Oxalis tuberosa, formerly an important food of theAndean highlanders.occlusal The biting surface of a premolar or molar tooth.ochratoxins mycotoxins formed by Aspergillus and Penicilliumspp. growing on cereals. They have been associated withnephropathy in both animals and human beings, with evidencethat they are carcinogenic and teratogenic. They can accumulatein relatively high concentrations in blood and tissues ofmonogastric animals but are cleaved by protozoan enzymes inruminants.octave A cask for wine containing one-eighth of a pipe, about 59L (13 imperial gallons).octopus Marine cephalopod (Octopus spp.) with beak-like mouthsurrounded by eight tentacles bearing suckers.Composition /100 g: water 80 g, 343 kJ (82 kcal), protein 14.9 g,fat 1 g, cholesterol 48 mg, carbohydrate 2.2 g, ash 1.6 g, Ca 53 mg,Fe 5.3 mg, Mg 30 mg, P 186 mg, K 350 mg, Na 230 mg, Zn 1.7 mg,Cu 0.4mg, Se 44.8µg, I 20µg, vitamin A 45µg RE (45µg retinal),E 1.2 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 1 0.03 mg, B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 2.1 mg, B 60.36 mg, folate 16 µg, B 12 20µg, pantothenate 0.5 mg, C 5 mg. An85 g serving is a source of I, P, vitamin B 6 ,a good source of Cu,a rich source of Fe, Se, vitamin B 12 .odontoblasts Cells in teeth, lining the pulp and forming dentine.odoratism Disease produced by feeding seeds of the sweet pea,Lathyrus odoratus, to rats. The toxin β-aminopropionitrile ispresent in both L. odoratus and the singletary pea (L. pusillus),but not the chickling pea, L. sativa, which causes lathyrism inhuman beings. The toxin inhibits lysyl oxidase (EC 1.4.3.13)which oxidises lysine to allysine for cross-linkage of collagenand elastin, leading to loss of elasticity of elastin and potentiallyto rupture of the aorta.ODS Office of Dietary Supplements of the US National Institutesof Health; web site http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/.oedema Excess fluid in the body; may be caused by cardiac, renalor hepatic failure and by starvation (famine oedema).oenin An anthocyanidin from the skin of purple grapes.oesophagus The gullet, a muscular tube ∼23 cm long, between thepharynx and stomach.See gastrointestinal tract.oestradiol, oestriol, oestrone See oestrogens.oestrogens The female sex hormones; chemically they aresteroids, although non-steroidal compounds also have oestrogenactivity, including the synthetic compounds stilboestrol and