Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

377pipis Edible mollusc, Plebidonas deltoides, widely distributedaround Australian coastline.piri-piri Small red peppers (see pepper, chilli), 1 cm long,extremely pungent. Also (Portuguese) sauce made from thepeppers.pirogi Russian; small baked pasties of yeast dough filled withchopped fish, meat, etc.pistachio Fruit of Pistacchio vera; yellow-green coloured nut. Maybe roasted and salted or used as flavouring for ice-cream and(Indian) hot sweet milk beverage.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 53%) water 4 g, 2332 kJ(557 kcal), protein 20.6 g, fat 44.4 g (of which 13% saturated, 55%mono-unsaturated, 32% polyunsaturated), carbohydrate 28 g(7.6g sugars), fibre 10.3g, ash 3g, Ca 107mg, Fe 4.2mg, Mg121 mg, P 490 mg, K 1025 mg, Na 1 mg, Zn 2.2 mg, Cu 1.3 mg, Mn1.2 mg, Se 7 µg, vitamin A 28µg RE (332µg carotenoids), E2.3 mg, B 1 0.87 mg, B 2 0.16 mg, niacin 1.3 mg, B 6 1.7 mg, folate51µg, pantothenate 0.5 mg, C 5 mg. A 25 g serving is a source ofMn, P, vitamin B 1 ,a good source of Cu, vitamin B 6 .pita (pitta) Middle Eastern; flat bread, made by sour doughprocess and baked at a high temperature for a short time, as anoval or circle, which can be opened up as an envelope. Alsoknown as pocket, balady or burr bread.pitanga Surinam cherry, Eugenia uniflora or E. michelii; smallround fruit, deeply ribbed, cherry-like with single stone.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 88%) water 91 g, 138 kJ(33 kcal), protein 0.8 g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrate 7.5 g, ash 0.5 g, Ca9mg, Fe 0.2 mg, Mg 12 mg, P 11 mg, K 103 mg, Na 3 mg, vitaminA 75µg RE, B 1 0.03 mg, B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 0.3 mg, C 26 mg.pitaya (pitahaya) Fruit of various cacti, especially Hylocereus andSelenicereus spp.pith See albedo.pits Stones from cherries, plums, peaches, apricots. Oil extractedfrom these pits is used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, forcanning sardines and as table oil. The press cake left behind containsamygdalin.pitting (1) Removing the stones (pits) from cherries, olives,etc.(2) Collapse of the structure of fruit tissue caused by lowtemperaturedehydration. See also chilling injury.pivka Obsolete name for preprothrombin (protein induced byvitamin K absence), the undercarboxylated precursor of prothrombin,released into the circulation in vitamin k deficiency.May be measured by immunoassay as a sensitive index ofvitamin K status.