Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

157the intestinal contents, and are fermented by bacteria in thelarge intestine, resulting in painful, explosive, watery diarrhoea.Treatment is by omitting the offending sugar from thediet.Lack of all three enzymes is generally caused by intestinalinfections, and the enzymes gradually recover after the infectionhas been cured. Lack of just one of the enzymes, and hence intoleranceof just one of the disaccharides, is normally an inheritedcondition. Lactose intolerance due to loss of lactase is normal inmost ethnic groups after puberty.disc mill Machine for comminution of dry foods. In a single discmill the food passes between a stationary casing and a rotatinggrooved disc; a double disc mill achieves greater shearing forceby using two grooved discs rotating in opposite directions. Pinand disc mills have a single or double grooved discs with intermeshingpins to provide additional shear and impact force.disodium guanylate, disodium inosinate Sodium salts of thepurines, guanylic and inosinic acids, used as flavour enhancers,frequently together with monosodium glutamate.dispersed phase Droplets in an emulsion.dispersibility The ease with which powder particles become distributedthrough a liquid. Powders with good wettability andsinkability have good dispersibility.displacement analysis See radioimmunoassay.distillers’ dried solubles See spent wash.DIT See diet-induced thermogenesis.diuresis Increased production and excretion of urine; it occurs indiseases such as diabetes, and also in response to diuretics.diuretics Substances that increase the production and excretionof urine. They may be either compounds that occur naturally infoods (including caffeine and alcohol) or may be drugs usedclinically to reduce the volume of body fluid (e.g. in the treatmentof hypertension and oedema).diverticular disease Diverticulosis is the presence of pouch-likehernias (diverticula) through the muscle layer of the colon, associatedwith a low intake of dietary fibre and high intestinal pressuredue to straining during defecation. Faecal matter can betrapped in these diverticula, making them inflamed, causing painand diarrhoea, the condition of diverticulitis.See also gastrointestinal tract.djenkolic acid A sulphur-containing amino acid found in thedjenkol bean, Pithecolobium lobatum, which grows in parts ofSumatra. It is a derivative of cysteine, and is metabolised but,being relatively insoluble, unmetabolised djenkolic acid crystallisesin the kidney tubules.