Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

239hindle wakes Old English (14th century) method of cookingchicken, stuffed with fruit and spices, including prunes. Possiblya corruption of hen de la wake (feast).HIPEF High-intensity pulsed electric field processing for nonthermaldestruction of micro-organisms and inactivation ofenzymes by rapid discharge of a high-voltage electric field.Hirschsprung’s disease Congenital failure of development of thenerve network of the lower colon or rectum, so that it neitherexpands nor conducts the contents of the bowel, which thereforeaccumulate in, and distend, the upper colon.Hi-soy TM Full-fat soya flour.histamine The amine formed by decarboxylation of the aminoacid histidine, found in cheese, beer, chocolate, sauerkraut andwine. Excessive release of histamine from mast cells is responsiblefor many of the symptoms of allergic reactions. Stimulatessecretion of gastric acid, and administration of histamine is usedas test for achlorhydria.histamine receptor antagonists Inhibitors of the histamine H 2receptor, including cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nisatidine,are used in treatment of gastric ulcers; they act to reducesecretion of gastric acid in response to hormone or nervestimulation.histidinaemia genetic disease due to a lack of histidase (EC4.3.1.3), leading to impaired metabolism of the amino acidhistidine. If untreated leads to mental retardation and nervoussystem abnormalities. Treatment is by feeding a diet very low inhistidine.histidine An essential amino acid, abbr His (H), M r 155.2, pK a1.80, 6.04 (imidazole), 9.76, codons CAPy.histidine load test See figlu test.histones Proteins rich in arginine and lysine, soluble in water butnot dilute ammonia. They occur mainly in the cell nucleus andare concerned with the super-coiling and regulation of DNA.HLB value See hydrophile–lipophile balance.HMG CoA reductase Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase(EC 1.1.1.34), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterolsynthesis. The statins are a family of HMG CoA reductaseinhibitors used to treat hypercholesterolaemia.HMT See hexamethylene tetramine.Hobart mixer First electric mixing machine for bakeries,patented in 1918 by Herbert Johnston, working for HobartManufacturing Co.hochoshi Japanese; cutting specialists, groups of people with theirown secret methods of cutting fish, meat and vegetables. During