Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

257day. Blood loss leads to a considerable loss of iron. The averagediet contains 10–15 mg, of which 0.5–1.5 mg is absorbed. Thehaem iron of meat and fish is considerably better absorbedthan the inorganic iron of vegetable foods. Absorption of ironis enhanced by vitamin c taken at the same time as ironcontainingfoods, and reduced by phosphate, calcium and phyticacid.See also anaemia; ferritin; haemochromatosis; iron storage;transferrin.iron ammonium citrate See ferric ammonium citrate.iron binding capacity, total See transferrin.iron chink Machine designed in 1903 by US inventor A. K. Smithto behead, split and gut salmon in a continuous operation; socalledbecause it replaced Chinese labour in canneries.iron ration Heat-resistant high-energy chocolate ration enrichedwith vitamins and minerals devised for US Army by Capt. PaulLogan and first produced by Hershey Chocolate in 1937, as theLogan Bar Ration D (for daily). Heat-resistant because it did notcontain cocoa butter.iron, reduced Metallic iron in finely divided form, produced byreduction of iron oxide. The form in which iron is sometimesadded to foods, such as bread. Also known by its Latin nameferrum redactum.iron storage ferritin is the iron storage protein in the intestinalmucosa, liver, spleen and bone marrow. It is a ferric hydroxide–phosphate–protein complex containing 23% iron. Haemosiderinis a long-term reserve of iron in tissues; colloidal iron hydroxidecombined with protein and phosphate, probably formed byagglomeration of ferritin, the short-term storage form. Abnormallyhigh levels of haemosiderin occur in siderosis.irradiation ionising radiation (X-rays or γ-rays) kills microorganismsand insects, so is used for sterilisation of foods; alsoinhibits sprouting of potatoes.See also microwave cooking; radappertisation; radicidation;radurisation; ultraviolet radiation.IRRI International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.Web site http://www.irri.org/.irritable bowel syndrome Also known as spastic colon or mucouscolitis. Abnormally increased motility of the large and smallintestines, leading to pain and alternating diarrhoea and constipation;often precipitated by emotional stress.isaño Edible tubers of the Andean plant Tropaeolum tuberosum.ischaemia Inadequate blood supply to a tissue.ischaemic heart disease Or coronary heart disease. Group of syndromesarising from failure of the coronary arteries to supply