Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

64biotinidase See biocytin.Biotrace TM See bioluminescence.biphenyl See diphenyl.birch beer A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage flavoured withoil of wintergreen or oils of sweet birch and sassafras.bisacodyl A stimulant laxative.biscuit A baked flour confectionery dried down to low moisturecontent. The name is derived from the Latin bis coctus, meaningcooked twice. Known as cookie in the USA, where ‘biscuit’means a small cake-like bun.biscuit check The development of splitting and cracking inbiscuits immediately after baking.Biskoids TM See saccharin.Bismarck herring Pickled and spiced whole herring.bismuth Mineral of no known metabolic function. A variety ofbismuth salts are used as antacids and astringents in treatinggastrointestinal disorders; the carbonate is used in treatment ofpeptic ulcer, especially when HELICOBACTER PYLORI is thecausative agent.bisque Thick rich soup, generally made from fish or shellfishstock.Bitot’s spots Irregular shaped foam-like plaques on the conjunctivaof the eye, characteristically seen in vitamin a deficiency, butnot considered to be a diagnostic sign without other evidence ofdeficiency.bitterroot Roots of Lewisia rediviva (purslane family), N Americanvegetable.bitters Extracts of herbs, spices, roots and bark, steeped in, ordistilled with, spirits. Originally prepared for medicinal use(tinctures or alcoholic extracts of the natural products); now usedmainly to flavour spirits and cocktails, or as apéritifs.See also angostura; wine, apéritif.biuret reaction Method for colorimetric determination of proteinusing an alkaline copper sulphate plus tartrate reagent whichforms a coordination complex with four —NH groups inpeptide bonds; sensitivity 1 mg/mL, maximum absorbance 540–560 nm.bixin A carotenoid pigment found in the seeds of the tropicalplant Bixa orellana; the crude extract is the colouring agentannatto (E-160).blaanda bread Shetland; unleavened bread made from barley andoat meal, with milk and butter, baked slowly on a griddle.blackberry Berry of the bramble, Rubus fruticosus.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 96%) water 88 g, 180 kJ(43 kcal), protein 1.4 g, fat 0.5 g, carbohydrate 9.6 g (4.9 g sugars),