Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

arm brack Irish; yeast cake made with butter, egg, buttermilkand dried fruit, flavoured with caraway seed. Similar Welsh cakeis bara brith.Barmene TM yeast extract, prepared from autolysed brewer’syeast, plus vegetable juices, used for flavouring.baron of beef The pair of sirloins of beef, left uncut at the bone.baroresistance Resistance to high pressure.barosensitivity Sensitivity to high pressure.barquette Small boat-shaped pastry cases, used for savoury orsweet mixtures.barrel A standard barrel contains 36 gallons. (36 Imperial gallons(UK) = 163.6 L; 36 US gallons = 136.3L.)basal metabolic rate (BMR) The energy cost of maintaining themetabolic integrity of the body, nerve and muscle tone, respirationand circulation. For children the BMR also includes theenergy cost of growth.It depends on the amount of metabolically active body tissue,and hence can be calculated from body weight, height andage:MJ/day = 0.0418 × weight (kg) + 0.026 × height (cm) − 0.0209 ×age (y) − 0.674 (for males) or − 0.0291 (for females)kcal/day = 9.99 × weight (kg) + 6.25 × height (cm) − 5 × age (y) −161 (males) or − 5 (females)Experimentally, BMR is measured as the heat output from thebody, or the rate of oxygen consumption, under strictly standardisedconditions, 12–14 h after the last meal, completely atrest (but not asleep) and at an environmental temperature of26–30 °C, to ensure thermal neutrality. Measurement of metabolicrate under less rigorously controlled conditions gives theresting metabolic rate (RMR).For people with a sedentary lifestyle and relatively low physicalactivity, BMR accounts for about 70% of total energy expenditure.The energy costs of different activities are generallyexpressed as the physical activity ratio, the ratio of energy expenditurein the activity to BMR.Basedow’s disease See thyrotoxicosis.basella Leaves of Basella rubra, also known as Ceylon, Indian,Malabar, or red vine, or vine spinach.Composition/100 g: water 93 g, 80 kJ (19 kcal), protein 1.8 g, fat0.3 g, carbohydrate 3.4 g, ash 1.4 g, Ca 109 mg, Fe 1.2 mg, Mg 65 mg,P 52 mg, K 510 mg, Na 24 mg, Zn 0.4 mg, Cu 0.1 mg, Mn 0.7 mg, Se0.8µg, vitamin A 400 µg RE, B 1 0.05 mg, B 2 0.16 mg, niacin 0.5 mg,B 6 0.24 mg, folate 140 µg, pantothenate 0.1 mg, C 102 mg.51