Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

404Raftiline TM fat replacer made from non-starch polysaccharide.Raftilose TM Fructo-oligosaccharide derived from inulin, aprebiotic.ragi Dried balls of starter containing moulds, yeast and bacteriaon cereal or starch, used as a starter inoculation for productionof lao-chao, saké, tape, and other fermented foods.raisin Dried seedless grapes of several kinds. Valencia raisinsfrom Spanish grapes; Thompson seedless raisins producedmainly in California from the sultanina grape (the skins arecoarser than the sultana).Composition/100 g: water 15.4 g, 1252 kJ (299 kcal), protein3.1 g, fat 0.5 g, carbohydrate 79.2 g (59.2 g sugars), fibre 3.7 g, ash1.9 g, Ca 50 mg, Fe 1.9 mg, Mg 32 mg, P 101 mg, K 749 mg, Na11mg, Zn 0.2mg, Cu 0.3mg, Mn 0.3mg, Se 0.6µg, vitamin E0.1 mg, K 3.5 mg, B 1 0.11 mg, B 2 0.13 mg, niacin 0.8 mg, B 6 0.17 mg,folate 5 µg, pantothenate 0.1 mg, C 2 mg.raisin oil Extracted from the seeds of muscat grapes, which areremoved before drying them to yield raisins.The oil is used primarilyto coat the raisins to prevent them sticking together,to render them soft and pliable and less subject to insectinfestation.raising powder See baking powder.rambutan Fruit of Nephelium lappaceum; covered with yellowishredsoft spines with large seed surrounded by white juicy flesh,similar to lychee, and sometimes called hairy lychee. The namemeans hairy man of the jungle in Bahasa-Malay, reflecting theappearance of the fruit.ramekin (1) Porcelain or earthenware mould in which a mixtureis baked and then brought to the table, or the savoury served ina ramekin dish. Paper soufflé cases are called ramekin cases.(2) Formerly the name given to toasted cheese; now tarts filledwith cream cheese.rancidity The development of unpleasant flavours in oils and fatsas a result of lipase action or oxidation.See also acid number.rancimat Apparatus for determining oxidative stability of fats bydissolving the gases produced by oxidation in distilled water andmeasuring electrical conductivity.See also active oxygen method.randomisation of fats See interesterification.ranitidine See histamine receptor antagonists.Rankine scale See temperature, absolute.rapeseed Brassica napus and B. rapa, also known as cole, coleseedor colza. Grown for its seed, as source of oil for both industrialand food use. Varieties low in erucic acid are termed ‘0’ or single