Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

444Spore-forming species, especially of Bacillus and Clostridium,are a health hazard because the spores are resistant to moststerilisation techniques.sports drinks Solutions of glucose plus electrolytes to mimic thoselost in sweat; generally isotonic with blood plasma to avoidpotential problems of water intoxication. Sometimes known as‘bottled sweat’.sprat Small oily fish, Sprattus (Clupea) sprattus, fresh or frozen;young are canned as brisling.See also herring; whitebait.spray dryer Equipment in which the material to be dried issprayed as a fine mist into a hot-air chamber and falls to thebottom as dry powder. Heating is very brief, so nutritional andfunctional damage are minimal. Dried powder consists of light,hollow particles.spread, fat A general term for fats that are spread on bread(yellow fats), including butter, margarine and low-fat spreadsthat cannot legally be called margarine. Reduced fat spreadscontain not more than 60% fat, and low-fat spreads not morethan 40%, compared with 80% fat in butter and margarine. Verylow-fat spreads contain less than 20% fat.springers See swells.spring greens Young leafy cabbage eaten before the heart hasformed, or leaf sprouts formed after cutting off the head.See also collard.spring rolls Chinese (and general south-east Asian); pancakesfilled with quick fried vegetables and meat; may be served as softpancakes prepared at the table or rolled and deep fried. Alsoknown as pancake rolls and Imperial rolls; loempia in Indonesian,and nem in Vietnamese, cuisine.sprouts (1) See brussels sprouts (2) See bean sprouts.spruce beer Western Canada; branches, bark and cones of blackspruce (Picea mariana) boiled for several hours, then put in acask with molasses, hops and yeast, and allowed to ferment.sprue, tropical Name given (by Dutch in Java) to a tropicaldisease characterised by atrophy of the intestinal villi,with fattydiarrhoea and sore mouth, and signs of undernutrition due topoor absorption of nutrients. Both an unidentified infectiousagent and folic acid deficiency have been suggested as causes.spurtle Scottish; wooden stick traditionally used to stir porridge.Also known as theevil.squab Young pigeon; also general name for pigeon in the USA;squab pie is W. of England dish made from meat, apples andonions.