Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

437Fruits and vegetables are relatively low in sodium and rich inpotassium; animal foods are rich in sodium.sodom apple Tropical plant, Calotropis procera; fruit is inedible,but the leaves are used in W. Africa as a source of proteolyticmilk-clotting enzymes as an alternative to rennet in cheeseproduction.soft swell See swells.sol Colloidal suspension (see colloid) consisting of a solid dispersedin a liquid. In lyophobic sols there is little interactionbetween the dispersed particles and the dispersing medium; inlyophilic sols there is affinity between the dispersed and dispersantphases.Solanaceae Family of plants including aubergine (Solanummelongena), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), potato(Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).solanine Heat-stable toxic glycoside of the alkaloid solanidine,found in small amounts in potatoes, and larger and sometimestoxic amounts in sprouted potatoes and potato skin when theybecome green through exposure to light. Causes gastrointestinaldisturbances and neurological disorders; the upper acceptablelimit is 20 mg solanine per 100 g fresh weight of potato.sole flatfish, Solea spp.; Dover sole is S. solea.solera See sherry.solids-not-fat (SNF) Refers to the solids of milk excluding the fat,i.e. protein, lactose and salts. Used as an index of milk quality,determined by measuring the specific gravity using thelactometer.somatomedins Circulating growth factors, synthesised in the liver,with broad anabolic properties. Their structure resembles thatof pro-insulin, and they are sometimes known as insulin-likegrowth factors. Synthesis is much impaired in children withprotein–energy malnutrition, and responds rapidly to nutritionalrehabilitation.somatostatin Peptide hormone secreted throughout gut; decreasesgastric secretion and gastrin release, pancreatic secretionof bicarbonate and enzymes, expression and release of gutpeptides, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, gall bladder contractility,absorption of glucose, triacylglycerols, amino acids,intestinal ion secretion, splanchnic blood flow.somatotrophin A peptide hormone (growth hormone) secretedby the pituitary gland that promotes growth of bone and softtissues. It also reduces the utilisation of glucose, and increasesbreakdown of fats to fatty acids; because of this it has been promotedas an aid to weight reduction, but with little evidence ofefficacy.