Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

275lardine See margarine.lard substitutes Vegetable shortenings made from mixtures ofpartially hardened vegetable fats with the consistency of lard.See also lard compounds.lardy cake West of England; made from bread dough, lard, sugarand dried fruit.lasagne Wide ribbons of pasta; lasagne verdi is flavoured withspinach. Narrow ribbons are lasagnette.lathyrism The effect of consuming Lathyrus spp. peas (chicklingvetch, flat-podded vetch, Spanish vetchling, Indian vetch), whichcontain the neurotoxin oxalyl-diaminopropionic acid. Althoughgrowing Lathyrus spp. has been banned in many countries, lathyrismcontinues to be a public health problem in India sincekesari dhal, Lathyrus sativa, is a hardy crop that survives adverseconditions and can become a large part of the diet in times ofdrought.See also odoratism.lauric acid A medium-chain length saturated fatty acid (C12:0)in butter, coconut oil and palm oil.lauter tun Vertical cylindrical tank for extracting and clarifyingwort and separating it from spent grain in malting and brewing.Laval separator Centrifuge for separating cream from milk,invented by Swedish engineer Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval,1877.laver Edible seaweed, Porphyra spp. Laver bread is made byboiling in salted water and mincing to a gelatinous mass. It ismade into a cake with oatmeal or fried. Locally known in S.Wales as bara lawr.Composition/100 g: water 85 g, 147 kJ (35 kcal), protein 5.8 g, fat0.3g, carbohydrate 5.1g (0.5g sugars), fibre 0.3g, ash 3.8g, Ca 70mg, Fe 1.8 mg, Mg 2 mg, P 58 mg, K 356 mg, Na 48 mg, Zn 1 mg,Cu 0.3mg, Mn 1mg, Se 0.7µg, vitamin A 260 µg RE (3121µgcarotenoids), E 1 mg, K 4 mg, B 1 0.1 mg, B 2 0.45 mg, niacin 1.5 mg,B 6 0.16 mg, folate 146 µg, pantothenate 0.5 mg, C 39 mg.lax Scandinavian name for salmon.See also gravadlax; lox.laxarinic acid See maltol.laxatives Compounds used to treat constipation. Bulk-forminglaxatives include various preparations of non-starchpolysaccharide.Stimulant or contact laxatives include senna and cascara(Rhamnus purshianus, Frangula purshiana) in which the activeingredients are anthroquinones, aloe vera extract, bisacodyl (adiphenylmethene derivative), phenolphthalein and sodiumpicosulphate.