Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

337nutrient enemata See rectal feeding.See also enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition.nutrients Essential dietary factors such as vitamins, minerals,amino acids and fatty acids. Metabolic fuels (sources of energy)are not termed nutrients so that a commonly used phrase is‘energy and nutrients’.nutrification The addition of nutrients to foods at such a level asto make a major contribution to the diet.nutrigenetics The study of the effects of genotype on nutrientrequirements and effects of diet on health.See also nutrigenomics.nutrigenomics The study of how nutrients interact with thegenome, and identification of nutrient-sensitive genes.See also nutrigenetics.nutrition The process by which living organisms take in and usefood for the maintenance of life, growth, the functioning oforgans and tissues and the production of energy; the branch ofscience that involves these processes.See also enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; rectalfeeding.nutritional claim Any representation that states, suggests orimplies that a food has particular nutrition-related health properties.The extent of such claims on food labelling (see nutritionallabelling) and advertising are controlled by law in mostcountries.nutritional disorder Any morbid process or functional abnormalityof the body due to the consumption of a diet not conformingto physiological requirements, or to failure in absorptionor utilisation of the food after ingestion.nutritional genomics General term to include both nutrigeneticsand nutrigenomics.nutritional labelling Any information appearing on labelling orpackaging of foods relating to energy and nutrients in the food.Voluntary in the EU; if nutritional information is given, it mustbe in a standard format.The information must be given /100 g (or/100 mL), and may also, optionally, be given per serving of astated size. In the USA nutritional labelling is obligatory, andinformation must be given in a standard format per serving (asdefined by the Food and Drug Administration), and may optionallybe given /100 g or /100 mL.nutritional recommendations Recommendations comprising nutrientgoals, food goals and dietary guidelines. In addition to referenceintakes of nutrients, key recommendations in developedcountries are reduction of total fat intake to 30% of energy