Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

428when fresh supplies of fruit and vegetables were not availablethe majority of the crew often succumbed to scurvy.scurvy, alpine See pellagra.scurvy grass A herb, Cochlearia officinalis, recommended as farback as the late 16th century as a remedy for scurvy.scutellum Area surrounding the embryo of the cereal grain;scutellum plus embryo is the germ; rich in vitamins.scybalum Lump or mass of hard faeces.SDA Specific dynamic action, see diet-induced thermogenesis.SDS (1) Sucrose distearate, a sucrose ester.(2) The detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate.SDS–PAGE Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins inthe presence of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate to causedenaturation and a uniform charge, so that proteins are separatedon the basis of their molecular weight.SE See starch equivalent.sea kale Coastal plant, Crambe maritime; the tender shoots areeaten like asparagus. Sea kale beet is swiss chard.sea slug See bêche-de-mer.seasoning Normally used to mean salt and pepper,but may includeany herbs, spices and condiments added to a savoury dish.sea truffle shellfish,a bivalve mollusc, Venus verrucosa.seaweed Marine algae of interest as food; include badderlocks,carageenan, dulse, fingerware, irish moss, kelp, laver, nori,sugarware and wakame, which are eaten as local delicacies andserve as a mineral supplement in animal feed.See also agar; algae; alginates.second messenger Small molecule released inside a cell inresponse to binding of a hormone or neurotransmitter to a receptoron the cell surface, which directly or indirectly activates orinhibits target enzymes.secretin Peptide hormone secreted by the S-cells of the duodenumin response to acid food entering from the stomach. Stimulatessecretion of alkaline pancreatic juice containing only lowlevels of enzyme, and also secretion of bile; decreases gastricsecretion and gastrin release.sedoheptulose (sedoheptose) A seven-carbon sugar, a metabolicintermediate.Seitz filter A filter disc with pores so fine that they will not permitpassage of bacteria,permitting sterilisation of liquids by filtration.sekt German, central European; sparkling wine, usually dry,made by tank fermentation, not the méthode champenoise.selenium A dietary essential mineral, found as selenocysteine inthe active sites of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and