Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

405low (also called canbra oil); varieties low in glucosinolates anderucic acid yield canola oil.rarebit See welsh rarebit.rasgulla Indian; dessert of small balls of milk curd, groundalmond and semolina, boiled in syrup.rasher Slice of bacon or ham.raspberry Fruit of Rubus idaeus. Black raspberry is Rubus occidentalis,native of eastern USA.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 96%) water 85.8 g, 218 kJ(52 kcal), protein 1.2 g, fat 0.6 g, carbohydrate 11.9 g (4.4 g sugars),fibre 6.5g, ash 0.5g, Ca 25mg, Fe 0.7mg, Mg 22mg, P 29mg, K151mg, Na 1mg, Zn 0.4mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.7mg, Se 0.2µg,vitamin A 2µg RE (164µg carotenoids), E 0.9 mg, K 7.8 mg, B 10.03 mg, B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 0.6 mg, B 6 0.05 mg, folate 21 µg, pantothenate0.3 mg, C 26 mg. A 110 g serving is a source of folate, arich source of Mn, vitamin C.RAST Radio-allergosorbent tests for food allergy; see adversereactions to foods.rastrello Sharp-edged spoon used to cut out the pulp from halvedcitrus fruit.ratafia (1) Flavouring essence made from bitter almonds.(2) Small macaroon-like biscuits flavoured with almonds.(3) Almond-flavoured liqueur.rat line test Obsolete biological assay for vitamin d. Rats weremaintained on a rachitogenic (rickets-inducing) diet, then giventhe test substance or standard vitamin D for 7–10 days. At postmortemexamination the long bones were stained with silvernitrate; in newly calcified regions silver phosphate is precipitated,and on exposure to light gives a stain that can be quantified.ravioli Square envelope of pasta stuffed with minced meat orcheese.raw sugar Brown unrefined sugar, 96–98% pure, as imported forrefining. Contaminated with mould spores, bacteria, cane fibreand dirt.ray Cartilaginous fish, Raja spp.RBP See retinol binding protein.RDA Recommended daily (or dietary) allowance (or amount) ofnutrients; see reference intakes.RE Retinol equivalents, see vitamin B.reactive oxygen species (ROS) A variety of compounds derivedfrom oxygen, including superoxide, hydroxyl and perhydroxylradicals, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen.rebaudioside Very sweet substance extracted from the leaves ofStevia rebaudiana (same source as stevioside); 400 times assweet as sucrose.