Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

366remove amino acids sequentially from either the amino terminal(aminopeptidases) or carboxy terminal (carboxypeptidases).peptides Compounds formed when amino acids are linkedtogether through the —CO—NH— (peptide) linkage. Twoamino acids so linked form a dipeptide, three a tripeptide, etc.;medium-length chains of amino acids (4–20) are known asoligopeptides, longer chains are polypeptides or proteins.peptide YY hormone secreted by endocrine cells of the gastrointestinaltract, in proportion to the energy yield of a meal,that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety and decrease foodintake. It also inhibits intestinal motility and gastric secretion.peptidoglycans Conjugated proteins with complex chains of carbohydrate,found especially in bacterial cell walls. Especially richin N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.peptones Small polypeptides that are intermediate products inthe hydrolysis of proteins. The term is often used for any partialhydrolysate of protein, e.g. bacteriological peptone, used as agrowth medium for micro-organisms.PER Protein efficiency ratio, a measure of protein quality.perch Freshwater fish, Perca fluviatilis.Composition/100 g: water 79 g, 381 kJ (91 kcal), protein 19.4 g,fat 0.9 g, cholesterol 90 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.2 g, Ca 80 mg,Fe 0.9 mg, Mg 30 mg, P 200 mg, K 269 mg, Na 62 mg, Zn 1.1 mg,Cu 0.2mg, Mn 0.7mg, Se 12.6µg, vitamin A 9µg RE (9 µg retinol,E 0.2 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 1 0.07 mg, B 2 0.1 mg, niacin 1.5 mg, B 60.12 mg, folate 5 µg, B 12 1.9µg, pantothenate 0.8 mg, C 2 mg. A100 g serving is a source of Cu, Se, pantothenate, a good sourceof P, a rich source of Mn, vitamin B 12 .percomorph oil Oil prepared from the liver of the percomorph,a member of the perch family; a rich source of vitamin d.pericarp The fibrous layers next to the outer husk of cereal grainsand outside the testa; of low digestibility and removed from grainduring milling. The major constituent of bran.perigo factor A postulated factor produced when bacterialgrowth medium is autoclaved with nitrite or meat is cured withnitrite: it is about 10 times more inhibitory to some bacteria thannitrite alone.perilla Perrenial herb, Perilla frutscens, a member of the mintfamily; green-leafed and purple-leafed varieties (sometimesknown as purple mint, Chinese basil or wild coleus). Also knownas beefsteak plant, and shiso in Japan.perillartine Non-nutritive sweetener derived from perillaldehyde,extracted from shiso (perilla) seed oil; 2000 times as sweetas sucrose.perimysium See muscle.