Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

482kynureninase (EC 3.7.1.3) is pyridoxal phosphate-dependent,and especially sensitive to deficiency.Tshugaeff reaction Colorimetric reaction for cholesterol; thedevelopment of a cherry red colour on reaction with zinc chlorideand acetyl chloride.TSP Textured soya protein, prepared by extrusion through finepores to give a fibrous, meat-like, texture to the final product.TTI See time–temperature indicator.TTT Time–temperature tolerance.tubby mouse Genetically obese mouse that develops insulinresistance; it is also deaf and blind owing to apoptosis in sensoryneurons in the retina and hair cells in the cochlear organ of Corti.The role of the tub gene product in the development of obesityis not known.tube feeding See enteral nutrition.tuber Botanical term for underground storage organ of someplants, e.g. potato, Jerusalem artichoke, sweet potato, yam.tuberin The major protein of potato,a globulin.tumour necrosis factor Two cytokines produced by monocytesand macrophages (cachectin, TNF-α), and lymphocytes (lymphotoxin,TNF-β); cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cells, butalso act on other cells. TNF action is responsible for much ofthe hypermetabolism seen in cachexia. TNF-α, secreted bymacrophages in adipose tissue stimulates pre-adipocytes andendothelial cells to secrete macrophage attractants, and impairsinsulin receptor signalling.tun Obsolete measure; large cask holding 216 Imperial gallons(972 L) of ale; 252 gallons (1134 L) of wine.tuna (tunny) Species of Thunnus and Neothunnus, oily fish.(Tuna is also an alternative name for prickly pear.)Composition/100 g: water 68 g, 603 kJ (144 kcal), protein 23.3 g,fat 4.9 g (of which 30% saturated, 37% mono-unsaturated, 33%polyunsaturated), cholesterol 38 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.2 g,Ca 8 mg, Fe 1 mg, Mg 50 mg, P 254 mg, K 252 mg, Na 39 mg, Zn0.6mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 36.5µg, I 30µg, vitamin A 655 µg retinol, E1mg,B 1 0.24 mg, B 2 0.25 mg, niacin 8.7 mg, B 6 0.46 mg, folate 2 µg,B 12 9.4µg, pantothenate 1.1 mg. A 100 g serving is a source of Mg,vitamin B 1 ,B 2 , pantothenate, a good source of I, vitamin B 6 ,arich source of P, Se, vitamin A, niacin, B 12 .tuo zaafi African; sorghum or millet gruel left overnight toundergo a lactic acid fermentation.Tupperware TM Plastic bowls and canisters with seal that permitsthem to be stored on the side or upside down, introduced byAmerican chemist Earl Tupper in 1945.turanose A disaccharide, α-1,3-glucosyl-fructose.