Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

375phytosterol General name given to sterols occurring in plants, thechief of which is sitosterol.phytotoxin Any poisonous substance produced by a plant.See also alkaloids.phytylmenaquinone See vitamin k.pica An unnatural desire for foods; alternative words, cissa, cittosisand allotriophagy. Also a perverted appetite (eating ofearth, sand, clay, paper, etc.).piccalilli Mixture of chopped, brine-preserved vegetables inmustard sauce.pickling Also called brining.Vegetables immersed in 5–10% saltsolution (brine) undergo lactic acid fermentation, while the saltprevents the growth of undesirable organisms. The sugars in thevegetables are converted to lactic acid; at 25 °C the process takesa few weeks, finishing at 1% acidity.See also halophiles; meat, curing.pidan See eggs,Chinese.pigeon Columba livia; young about four weeks old is squab.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 65%) water 72.8 g, 594 kJ(142 kcal), protein 17.5 g, fat 7.5 g (of which 32% saturated, 43%mono-unsaturated, 25% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 90 mg,carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.2 g, Ca 13 mg, Fe 4.5 mg, Mg 25 mg, P307 mg, K 237 mg, Na 51 mg, Zn 2.7 mg, Cu 0.6 mg, Se 13.5 µg,vitamin A 28µg retinol, B 1 0.28 mg, B 2 0.28 mg, niacin 6.9 mg, B 60.53 mg, folate 7 µg, B 12 0.5µg, pantothenate 0.8 mg, C 7 mg. A100 g serving is a source of Se, Zn, vitamin B 2 , pantothenate, C,a good source of vitamin B 1 ,B 6 ,a rich source of Cu, Fe, P, niacin,vitamin B 12 .pigeon pea Tropical legume, Cajanus cajan, also known as redgram.Composition/100 g: water 10.6 g, 1436 kJ (343 kcal), protein21.7 g, fat 1.5 g (of which 27% saturated, 0% mono-unsaturated,73% polyunsaturated), carbohydrate 62.8 g, fibre 15 g, ash 3.5 g,Ca 130mg, Fe 5.2mg, Mg 183mg, P 367mg, K 1392mg, Na 17mg,Zn 2.8mg, Cu 1.1mg, Mn 1.8mg, Se 8.2µg, vitamin A 1µg RE,B 1 0.64 mg, B 2 0.19 mg, niacin 3 mg, B 6 0.28 mg, folate 456 µg, pantothenate1.3 mg. An 85 g serving is a source of Ca, Zn, niacin,vitamin B 6 , pantothenate, a rich source of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P,vitamin B 1 , folate.pignoli (pignolias, pinoli) See pinenuts.pig nut See earth nut.pike Freshwater fish, Esox lucius.pilchard Oily fish, Sardina (Clupea) pilchardus; young is thesardine.piles See haemorrhoids.