Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

172en papillote French method of cooking in a closed container, aparchment paper or aluminium foil case.See also sous vide.enrichment The addition of nutrients to foods. Although oftenused interchangeably, the term fortification is used of mandatory(legally imposed) additions, and enrichment means thevoluntary addition of nutrients beyond the levels originallypresent.See also nutrification; restoration.enrobing In confectionery manufacture, the process of coating aproduct with chocolate, or other materials.ensete See banana, false.Entamoeba Genus of protozoa, some of which are parasitic in thehuman gut. Entamoeba coli is harmless; E. histolytica causesamoebic dysentery; E. gingivalis is found in spaces between theteeth and is associated with periodontal disease.enteral foods See medical foods.enteral nutrition Provision of supplementary feeding by directintubation into the stomach or small intestine, as opposed toparenteral nutrition.See also gastrostomy feeding; nasogastric tube; parenteralnutrition; rectal feeding.enteritis Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the small intestine,usually resulting from infection. Regional enteritis iscrohn’s disease.enterobiasis Infestation of the large intestine with pinworm.Enterococcus faecium See probiotics.enterocolitis Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the small andlarge intestine, usually resulting from infection.enterocrinin Peptide hormone secreted by the upper small intestine;increases intestinal secretion and absorption.enterocytes Cells of the small or large intestinal mucosa.enterogastrone Peptide hormone secreted by the stomachand duodenum; decreases gastric secretion and motility. Its secretionis stimulated by fat; hence, fat in the diet inhibits gastricactivity.enteroglucagon Peptide hormone secreted by the ileum andcolon; increases gut motility and mucosal growth.enterohepatic circulation Excretion of metabolites in bile, followedby reabsorption from the intestine, possibly after furthermetabolism by intestinal bacteria. Total flux through the gut maybe several-fold higher than dietary intake or faecal excretion.Especially important with respect to the bile salts, cholesterol,folic acid, vitamin b 12 and steroid hormones.enterokinase Obsolete name for enteropeptidase.