Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

427Schoenheimer–Sperry reaction A modification of the liebermann–burchardreaction for cholesterol.scifers Cornish name for Welsh onion (see onion, welsh).scintillation counter Instrument for measurement of radioactivityby emission of light from a solid or liquid scintillator thatemits a photon after absorbing a β-particle or γ-ray.sclerosis Hardening of tissue due to scarring, inflammation orageing.See also arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis.scolex Head of a tapeworm, with hooks or suckers to permitattachment to the intestinal wall.scombroid poisoning Apparently caused by bacterial spoilage offish including many of the Scombridae (tuna, bonito, mackerel)but also non-scombroid fish and other foods. Symptoms (includingskin rash, nausea, tingling) resemble histamine poisoning andwere previously thought to be due to bacterial formation ofhistamine, now doubted.scone A variety of tea cake originally made from white flour orbarley meal and sour milk or buttermilk in Scone, Scotland;baked on a griddle and cut in quarters. Drop scone is a smallpancake made by dropping batter onto a griddle.scorbutic See scurvy.scorzonera See salsify.Scotch egg Hard-boiled egg cased in seasoned sausage meat andbreadcrumbs, fried and served cold.scotopic Conditions of poor illumination; hence scotopic vision isvision in dim light (see dark adaptation).SCP See single cell protein.scrapple USA; meat dish prepared from pork carcass trimmings,maize meal, flour, salt and spices, cooked to a thick consistency.scratchings, pork Small pieces of crisply cooked pork skin.screening (1) Sorting of foods or food particles by size usingsieves (known as screens).(2) Comparison of measurements made on individuals orpopulation groups using predetermined risk levels or cut-offpoints of reference ranges.scrod Young cod or haddock.scrumpy Rough, unsweetened cider.scup American term for various food and game fish of the seabream family, especially Senostomus spp.See also porgy.scurvy Deficiency of vitamin c, fatal if untreated. Nowadaysextremely rare, but in the past a major problem in winter, whenthere were few sources of the vitamin available. It was especiallya problem of long sea voyages during the 16th and 17th centuries;