Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

474perature during storage, which may be correlated with continuous,temperature-dependent loss of quality. Critical temperatureindicators (CTI) show only exposure above (or below) a referencetemperature, without the time-dependence.See also packaging, intelligent.tin A metal; a dietary essential for experimental animals, but sowidely distributed in foods that human deficiency has not beenreported, and its function, is not known. In the absence ofoxygen, metallic tin is resistant to corrosion, and is widely usedin tinned cans for food.tipsy cake Sponge cake soaked in wine and fruit juice, made intoa trifle and reassembled into the original tall shape.The wine andfruit juice may cause the cake to topple sideways in drunken(tipsy) fashion.tiramisu Italian; dessert made from coffee-flavoured sponge orbiscuit filled with sweetened cream cheese (mascarpone) andcream, doused with syrup.tisane French term for an infusion made from herbs, fruits orflowers (camomile, lime blossoms, fennel seeds, etc.), believed tohave medicinal properties. Also known as herb or herbal tea.Medicinal or health claims are sometimes made, largely on traditionalrather than scientific grounds.titre A measure of the amount of antibody in an antiserum, theextent to which the antiserum can be diluted and still retain theability to cause agglutination of the antigen.TK ac Transketolase activation coefficient, the result of the transketolasetest for vitamin b 1 nutritional status, an enzyme activationassay.TMA See trimethylamine.TNF See tumour necrosis factor.toad skin See phrynoderma.TOBEC See total body electrical conductivity.tocol See vitamin e.tocopherol See vitamin e.tocopheronic acid Water-soluble metabolite isolated from theurine of animals fed tocopherol; has vitamin e activity.tocotrienol See vitamin e.toddy palm (kitul) Caryota urens, the source of palm sugar andsago; the sap is fermented to yield an alcoholic beverage. Youngleaves are edible.toenail analysis Measurement of various minerals (includingzinc) in toenails has been proposed as an index of status.Adsorptionof minerals from sweat confounds the results.toffee A sweet made from butter or other fat, milk and sugarboiled at a higher temperature than caramels. Called candy or