Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

420from a cereal, although it does not contain gas. The fungusAspergillus oryzae (Koji) is used as a source of amylase, thenyeast is added; the final product contains 14–20% alcohol.salad dressing Emulsions of oil and vinegar, which may or notcontain other flavourings. French dressing (vinaigrette) is a temporaryemulsion of oil and vinegar; heavy French dressing is stabilisedwith pectin or vegetable gum.Mayonnaise is a stable emulsion of vinegar in oil, made withegg. Salad cream was originally developed as a commercial substitutefor mayonnaise (mid-19th century); an emulsion madefrom vegetable oil, vinegar, salt, spices, emulsified with egg yolkand thickened. Legally, in the UK, must contain not less than25% by weight of vegetable oil and not less than 1.35% egg yolksolids. Mayonnaise usually contains more oil, less carbohydrateand water.By US regulations salad dressing contains 30% vegetable oiland 4% egg yolk; mayonnaise contains 65% oil plus egg yolk.Red mayonnaise is prepared by adding beetroot juice and thecoral (eggs) of lobster to mayonnaise; an accompaniment tolobster and other seafood dishes. Russian dressing is in factAmerican; made from mayonnaise with pimento, chilli sauce,green pepper and celery, or sometimes by mixing mayonnaisewith tomato ketchup. Thousand Island dressing is made fromequal parts of mayonnaise and Russian dressing, with whippedcream.salamander Traditional round metal cooking implement, heatedin the fire until red hot and held over the surface of pastry andother foods to brown it.salami Type of sausage speckled with pieces of fat, flavoured withgarlic; originally Italian.salatrims Family of triacylglycerols prepared from hydrogenatedsoy or canola oil and short-chain triacylglycerols by interesterification;only partially absorbed. The name derives fromshort and long-chain acid triacylglycerol molecules.salep, salepi Turkish, Greek; beverage prepared from orchidtubers. Milky white in appearance, with only a slight flavour.sal fat Vegetable butter prepared from seeds of the Indian sal tree(Shorea robusta).See also cocoa butter equivalentssaline See physiological saline.salinometer (salimeter, salometer) Hydrometer to measure concentrationof salt solutions by density.Salisbury steak American; similar to hamburger, minced beefmixed with bread, eggs, milk and seasoning, shaped into cakesand fried.