Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

481tropical oils Suggested term (USA) for vegetable oils that containsaturated, but little polyunsaturated, fatty acids, such as coconutand palm oils.trout Freshwater oily fish, brown trout is Salmo trutta, rainbowtrout is S. gairdneri.Composition/100 g: water 71 g, 620 kJ (148 kcal), protein 20.8 g,fat 6.6 g (of which 19% saturated, 56% mono-unsaturated, 25%polyunsaturated), cholesterol 58 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.2 g,Ca 43mg, Fe 1.5mg, Mg 22mg, P 245mg, K 361mg, Na 52mg, Zn0.7mg, Cu 0.2mg, Mn 0.9mg, Se 12.6µg, I 13µg, vitamin A 17µgretinol, E 0.2 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 1 0.35 mg, B 2 0.33 mg, niacin 4.5 mg,B 6 0.2 mg, folate 13 µg, B 12 7.8µg, pantothenate 1.9 mg, C 1 mg. A100 g serving is a source of Cu, Se, a good source of vitamin B 1 ,B 2 , niacin, a rich source of Mn, P, vitamin B 12 , pantothenate.trub See hot break.truffles (1) Edible fungi (see mushrooms) growing underground,associated with roots of oak trees; very highly prized for theiraroma and flavour. Most highly prized is French, black or Perigordtruffle, Tuber melanosporum, added to pâté de foie gras.Others include: white Piedmontese truffle, T. magnatum; summertruffle, T. aestivum; and violet truffle, T. brumale.(2) Chocolate truffles; mixture of chocolate, sugar, cream andoften rum, covered with chocolate strands or cocoa powder.Trusoy TM Heat-treated full-fat soya flour.trypsin A proteolytic enzyme (EC 3.4.21.4) in pancreatic juice, anendopeptidase. Active at pH 8–11. Secreted as the inactive precursor,trypsinogen, which is activated by enteropeptidase.trypsin inhibitors Low molecular weight proteins in raw soyabeans and other legumes that inhibit trypsin and thus impair thedigestion of proteins. Inactivated by heat, but the nutritionalquality of some animal feeds containing trypsin inhibitors is notimproved by heating.trypsinogen See trypsin.tryptophan An essential amino acid, abbr Trp (W), M r 204.2, pK a2.43, 9.44, codon UGG. In addition to its role in proteinsynthesis, it is the precursor of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and of niacin.Average intakesof tryptophan are more than adequate to meet niacin requirementswithout the need for any preformed niacin in the diet.Destroyed by acid, and therefore not measured when proteinsare hydrolysed by acid before analysis; determination of tryptophanrequires alkaline or enzymic hydrolysis of the protein.tryptophan load test For assessment of vitamin b 6 status; measurementof urinary excretion of xanthurenic and kynurenicacids after a test dose of 2 or 5 g of tryptophan. The enzyme