Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

212ghrt See ghee.giardiasis Intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea caused byinfection with the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia.gibberellins Plant growth substances derived from gibberellicacid, originally found in the fungus Gibberella fujikori growingon rice. About 30 gibberellins are known; they cause stem extensionand allow mutant dwarf forms of plants to revert to normalsize, induce flower formation and break bud dormancy. Used inhorticulture to control flowering and fruit maturation, also toinduce α-amylase in malting (see malt) of barley.giblets The edible part of the entrails of a bird; gizzard, liver, heartand neck.gigot French; leg of lamb or mutton. In Ireland gigot chops areneck chops used for stewing.gill Obsolete British measure of liquid, 5 or 10 fl oz ( 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 pint),varying regionally.gin Alcoholic drink made by distilling fermented starch or othercarbohydrate, flavoured mainly with juniper berries togetherwith coriander seeds, angelica, cinnamon, orange and lemon peel.Distillate is diluted to 40% alcohol by volume, 925 kJ (220 kcal)/100 mL. Name derived from French genièvre (juniper); originallyknown as geneva, schiedam or hollands, since it is Dutch inorigin.There are two types of English gin: Plymouth gin with a fullerflavour, and London gin. Plymouth gin has a protected designationand legally may only be distilled in Plymouth; it is made byadding the botanicals to the still, while for London gin they areadded to the distilled liquor.Dutch and German gins are more strongly flavoured thanEnglish or American; steinhäger and schinkenhäger are distilledfrom a mash of wheat, barley and juniper berries; wacholder ismade from neutral spirit flavoured with juniper. Dutch gin maybe jonge (young) or oude (aged, matured).gingelly (gingili) See sesame.ginger The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, used as a spice. Preservedginger is made from young fleshy rhizomes boiled withsugar and either packed in syrup or crystallised.Fresh ginger, composition/100 g: (edible portion 93%) water78.9 g, 335 kJ (80 kcal), protein 1.8 g, fat 0.8 g, carbohydrate 17.8 g(1.7g sugars), fibre 2g, ash 0.8g, Ca 16mg, Fe 0.6mg, Mg 43mg,P 34 mg, K 415 mg, Na 13 mg, Zn 0.3 mg, Cu 0.2 mg, Mn 0.2 mg, Se0.7µg, E 0.3 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 1 0.03 mg, B 2 0.03 mg, niacin 0.8 mg,B 6 0.16 mg, folate 11 µg, pantothenate 0.2 mg, C 5 mg.ginger beer Alcoholic beverage made by fermenting a sugar solutionflavoured with ginger.