Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

50barbecue Originally native American name for a wooden frameused to smoke and dry meat over a slow smoky fire; the wholeanimal was placed on a spit over burning coals. Now outdoorcooking of meat, sausages, etc., on a charcoal or gas fire; also thefire on which they are cooked.barberry Fruits of Berberis spp.barberry fig See prickly pear.Barcelona nut Spanish variety of hazel nut (Corylus avellana).barium A metal of no known metabolic function, so not a dietaryessential.Barium sulphate is opaque to X-rays and a suspension isused (a barium meal) to allow examination of the shape and movementsof the stomach for diagnostic purposes, and as a bariumenema for X-ray investigation of the lower intestinal tract.barley Grain of Hordeum vulgare, one of the hardiest of thecereals; mainly used as animal feed and for malting andbrewing.The whole grain with only the outer husk removed (pot,Scotch or hulled barley) requires several hours cooking; the commercialproduct is usually pearl barley, where most of the huskand germ is removed. Barley flour is ground pearl barley; barleyflakes are the flattened grain.Composition/100 g: water 9.4 g, 1482 kJ (354 kcal), protein12.5 g, fat 2.3 g (of which 26% saturated, 16% mono-unsaturated,58% polyunsaturated), carbohydrate 73.5 g (0.8 g sugars), fibre17.3g, ash 2.3g, Ca 33mg, Fe 3.6mg, Mg 133mg, P 264mg, K452mg, Na 12mg, Zn 2.8mg, Cu 0.5mg, Mn 1.9mg, Se 37.7µg,vitamin A 1µg RE (173µg carotenoids), E 0.6 mg, K 2.2 mg,B 1 0.65 mg, B 2 0.28 mg, niacin 4.6 mg, B 6 0.32 mg, folate 19 µg, pantothenate0.3 mg. A 100 g serving is a source of Zn, vitaminB 2 ,B 6 ,a good source of Fe, niacin, a rich source of Cu, Mg, Mn,P, Se, vitamin B 1 .barleycorn An obsolete measure of length; the size of a singlegrain of barley, 0.85 cm.barley, malted See malt.barley sugar sugar confectionery made by melting and coolingsugar, originally made by boiling with a decoction of barley.barley water A drink made by boiling pearl barley with water,commonly flavoured with orange or lemon.barley wine Fermented malted barley, stronger than beer (8–10%alcohol by volume), bottled under pressure, so sparkling.Barlow’s disease Infantile scurvy, also known as Moeller’sdisease or Cheadle’s disease.barm An alternative name for yeast or leaven, or the froth onfermenting malt liquor. Spon (short for spontaneous) or virginbarm is made by allowing wild yeast to fall into sugar mediumand multiply.