Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

138Cambridge cream. Crème caramel is topped with caramel.Crème Chantilly is whipped cream sweetened and flavoured withvanilla.(2) Various liqueurs, including: crème de bananes (banana);crème de cacao (chocolate); crème de café (coffee); crème dementhe (peppermint); crème de mûres (wild blackberries);crème de myrtilles (wild bilberries); crème de noix (greenwalnuts and honey); crème de violettes (violet petals).crème fraîche Double cream that has been thickened and slightlysoured by lactic fermentation.cress Garden cress, pepper grass, Lepidium sativum. Seed leaveseaten raw with mustard seed leaves: mustard and cress or saladrape (Brassica napus var. napus). American or land cress isBarbarea verna,the leaves have a peppery flavour. Unlike watercressit can be grown in soil without running water.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 71%) water 89 g, 134 kJ(32 kcal), protein 2.6 g, fat 0.7 g, carbohydrate 5.5 g (4.4 g sugars),fibre 1.1g, ash 1.8g, Ca 81mg, Fe 1.3mg, Mg 38mg, P 76mg,K 606 mg, Na 14 mg, Zn 0.2 mg, Cu 0.2 mg, Mn 0.6 mg, Se 0.9 µg,vitamin A 346 µg RE (16650µg carotenoids), E 0.7 mg, K541.9 mg, B 1 0.08 mg, B 2 0.26 mg, niacin 1 mg, B 6 0.25 mg, folate80µg, pantothenate 0.2 mg, C 69 mg. A 50 g serving is a sourceof Mn, a good source of vitamin A, folate, a rich source ofvitamin C.creta praeparata British Pharmacopoeia name for preparedchalk, made by washing and drying naturally occurring calciumcarbonate. The form in which calcium is added to flour (14 oz per280 lb sack, or approximately 3 g/kg).cretinism Severe underactivity of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)in children, resulting in poor growth, deafness andsevere mental retardation. Hypothyroidism in adults is myxoedema.Commonly the result of a dietary deficiency of iodine;may be congenital if the mother’s iodine intake was severelyinadequate during pregnancy.See also thyroid hormones.Crisco TM hydrogenated vegetable shortening, first produced byProcter & Gamble in 1911.crispbread Name given to a flour and water wafer, originallySwedish and made from rye flour, but may be made from wheatflour. They have a much lower water content than bread andsome brands are richer in protein because of added wheatgluten.crisps See chips; potato crisps.cristal height A measure of leg length taken from the floor to thesummit of the iliac crest. As a proportion of height it increases