Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

213ginger paralysis See jamaica ginger paralysis.gingivitis Inflammation, swelling and bleeding of the gums; maybe due to scurvy, but most commonly the result of poor oralhygiene.gingko The maidenhair tree, Gingko biloba.The seeds are ediblewhen roasted but may be toxic when raw. Extracts from theleaves are used as a herbal remedy; they contain potentiallyactive flavonoids and terpenes, but there is limited evidence ofefficacy.gin-nan Food poisoning associated with excessive consumption ofgingko seeds, especially if uncooked.ginseng Herbal products from the roots of three species; Koreanor Chinese ginseng is Panax ginseng, Siberian is Eleutherococcussenticosus; American is P. quinquefolius. Reported to have animmunostimulant action and act as a tonic, with limited evidenceof efficacy.GIP Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, originallythought to act as inhibitor of gastric acid secretion based andnamed Gastric Inhibitory Peptide. Like glp-1, it stimulatesinsulin secretion (hence the higher insulin response to oral thanto intravenous glucose).See also incretins.gipping (of fish) Partial evisceration to remove intestines but notpyloric caeca, which contain the enzymes responsible for thecharacteristic flavour of herring when it is subsequently salted.gjetost Norwegian sweet, semi-caramelised hard cheese madefrom whey. Normally goat milk; mysost is similar, made from cowmilk.Composition/100 g: water 13.4 g, 1951 kJ (466 kcal), protein9.6 g, fat 29.5 g (of which 69% saturated, 28% mono-unsaturated,3% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 94 mg, carbohydrate 42.7 g, ash4.8 g, Ca 400 mg, Fe 0.5 mg, Mg 70 mg, P 444 mg, K 1409 mg, Na600mg, Zn 1.1mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 14.5µg, vitamin A 334 µg retinol,B 1 0.31 mg, B 2 1.38 mg, niacin 0.8 mg, B 6 0.27 mg, folate 5 µg, B 122.4µg, pantothenate 3.4 mg. A 40 g serving is a source of vitaminA, a good source of Ca, P, pantothenate, a rich source of vitaminB 2 ,B 12 .Glamorgan sausage Welsh; dish based on Caerphilly cheese,breadcrumbs and egg, fried in sausage shape.Glanolin TM blackcurrant seed oil, a rich source of γ-linolenicacid, as a dietary supplement.Glasgow magistrate See red herring.glass transition temperature In sugar confectionery, the temperatureat which a rubbery gel becomes a clear glass, a change thatdoes not involve latent heat.