Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

442spermyse Medieval English; soft cheese made and eaten insummer. Also called green cheese.spherocyte Abnormal red blood cell that is spherical ratherthan disc shaped. Characteristic of some types of haemolyticanaemia.sphincter A ring of concentric muscle that surrounds an orificeand can close it partially or completely on contraction.sphingolipids Class of phosphatides in which the 18-carbon dihydroxyalcoholsphingosine serves a similar function to glycerolin phospholipids. Important in cell membranes, especially innerve tissue. The major sphingolipid is sphingomyelin.sphingomyelin See sphingolipids.sphygmomanometer Instrument for measuring arterial bloodpressure.spices Distinguished from herbs in that part, instead of the whole,of the aromatic plant is used: root, stem or seeds. Originally usedto mask putrefactive flavours. Some have a preservative effectbecause of their essential oils, e.g. cloves, cinnamon and mustard.spina bifida Congenital neural tube defect due to developmentalanomaly in early embryonic development. Supplements of folicacid (400µg/day) begun before conception reduce the risk.spinach Leaves of Spinacia oleracea.Composition /100 g: (edible portion 72%) water 91.4 g, 96 kJ(23 kcal), protein 2.9 g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrate 3.6 g (0.4 g sugars),fibre 2.2g, ash 1.7g, Ca 99mg, Fe 2.7mg, Mg 79mg, P 49mg, K558 mg, Na 79 mg, Zn 0.5 mg, Cu 0.1 mg, Mn 0.9 mg, Se 1 µg,vitamin A 469 µg RE (17824µg carotenoids), E 2 mg, K 482.9 mg,B 1 0.08 mg, B 2 0.19 mg, niacin 0.7 mg, B 6 0.19 mg, folate 194 µg,pantothenate 0.1 mg, C 28 mg. An 85 g serving is a source of Fe,vitamin E, a good source of Mg, a rich source of Mn, vitamin A,folate, C.spinach beet See swiss chard.spinach, Chinese Leaves of Amaranthus gangeticus, also knownas bhaji and callaloo.spinach, Philippine Variety of purslane (Talinum triangulare) cultivatedin the USA and cooked in the same way as spinach.Spinkganz German; goose breast, dry-brined and smoked.spiny lobster shellfish, family Palinuridae, see lobster.spirits Beverages of high alcohol content made by distillation offermented liquors, including brandy, gin, rum, vodka, whisky;usually 40% alcohol by volume (equivalent to 31.7 g per 100 mL).Silent spirit is highly purified alcohol, or neutral spirit, distilledfrom any fermented material.spirometer Or respirometer; apparatus used to measure theamount of oxygen consumed (and in some instances carbon