Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

452yield desirable flavours in chocolate, honey and a variety ofcooked and baked products.See also maillard reaction.streptavidin Protein from Streptomyces spp. that is similar toavidin, and binds biotin with high affinity.streptozotocin antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces achromogenesculture broth; specifically cytotoxic to the β-cells of thepancreatic islets, and used to induce experimental insulindependentdiabetes mellitus.See also alloxan.streusel Also known as chocolate vermicelli or chocolate strands,made by extruding a chocolate paste through a perforated dieplate and setting the strands as they emerge.stroke Also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA); damageto brain tissue by hypoxia due to blockage of a blood vessel asa result of thrombosis, atherosclerosis or haemorrhage. Theseverity and nature of the effects of the stroke depend on theregion of the brain affected and the extent of damage. hypertensionand hypercholesterolaemia are major risk factors.Strongyloides Genus of small nematode worms that infest thesmall intestine.struvite Small crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate thatoccasionally form in canned fish, resembling broken glass.STS Sorbitan tristearate, used as an emulsifying agent in chocolatemanufacture.Stubbs and More factor For calculating the amount of fat-freemeat in a product from total nitrogen content.See also kjeldahl determination; nitrogen conversionfactor.stunting Reduction in the linear growth of children, leading tolower height for age than would be expected, and generallyresulting in life-long short stature. A common effect ofprotein–energy malnutrition, and associated especially withinadequate protein intake.See also anthropometry; harvard standards; nchs standards;nutritional status assessment; tanner standards;waterlow classification.sturgeon White fish, Acipenser spp. The roe is the source ofcaviar.sublimation A change in state of directly from solid to vapourwithout melting.submaxillary gland One of the salivary glands.submucosa Layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue underlyinga mucous membrane.