Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

161vitamin A 24µg retinol, E 0.7 mg, K 2.8 mg, B 1 0.36 mg, B 20.45 mg, niacin 5.3 mg, B 6 0.34 mg, folate 25 µg, B 12 0.4µg, pantothenate1.6 mg, C 6 mg.A 100 g serving is a source of Fe, Se, Zn,vitamin B 6 , folate, a good source of Cu, P, vitamin B 1 ,B 2 , niacin,pantothenate, a rich source of vitamin B 12 .ductless glands See endocrine glands.dulcin A synthetic material (p-phenetylurea or p-phenetolcarbamide,discovered in 1883) which is 250 times as sweet as sugarbut is not permitted in foods. Also called sucrol and valzin.dulcitol A six-carbon sugar alcohol which occurs in some plantsand is formed by the reduction of galactose; also known asmelampyrin, dulcite or galacticol.dulse Edible purplish-brown seaweeds, Rhodymenia palmata andDilsea carnosa, used in soups and jellies.dUMP suppression test Deoxyuridine suppression test, forfolate and vitamin b 12 status. Preincubation of rapidly dividingcells with dUMP leads to a large intracellular pool of newly synthesisedTMP (thymidine monophosphate), and hence little ofthe added [ 3 H]TMP is incorporated into DNA. In deficiency ofeither vitamin there is little endogenous synthesis of TMP andhence more incorporation of [ 3 H]TMP.In folate deficiency addition of any form of folic acid willrestore the suppression of incorporation of [ 3 H]TMP by dUMP,but vitamin B 12 will have no effect. In vitamin B 12 deficiency,addition of vitamin B 12 or any one-carbon folate derivative otherthan methyl folate will be effective.dun Brown discoloration in salted fish caused by mould growth.Dunaliella bardawil A red marine alga discovered in 1980 inIsrael, which is extremely rich in β-carotene, containing 100times more than most other natural sources.Dunlop Scottish cheddar-type cheese.dunst Very fine semolina (starch from the endosperm of thewheat grain) approaching the fineness of flour. Also called breakmiddlings (not to be confused with middlings, which is brannyoffal).duocrinin Peptide hormone secreted by the duodenum; increasesintestinal secretion and absorption.duodenal ulcer See ulcer.duodenum First part of the small intestine, between the stomachand the jejunum; the major site of digestion. Pancreatic juice andbile are secreted into the duodenum. So-called because it isabout 12 finger breadths in length.See also gastrointestinal tract.durian Fruit of tree Durio zibethinum, grown in Malaysia andIndonesia. Each fruit weighs 2–3 kg and has a soft, cream-