Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

333noggin Traditional measure of liquor = 1 / 4 pint (140 mL); alsoknown as a quartern.N-oil TM fat replacer made from starch.nominal freezing time The time between the surface of the foodreaching 0 °C and the thermal centre reaching 10 °C below thetemperature of the first ice formation.non-essential amino acids Those amino acids that can besynthesised in the body and therefore are not dietaryessentials.non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) See fatty acids, free.non-hygroscopic foods Foods that have a constant water vapourpressure at different moisture contents, and so do not take upmoisture from the atmosphere.noni (Indian mulberry) Fruit of the south Pacific evergreen shrubMorinda citrifolia, with an unpleasant odour; the juice is claimedto have healing properties and to be beneficial in treatment ofdiabetes, heart disease and cancer.non-Newtonian fluid See shear rate.non-nutritive sweeteners See sweeteners, intense.non-saponified The water-insoluble material remaining in a fat oroil after saponification; mainly sterols, higher alcohols, hydrocarbonsand pigments.non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (see p. 334) Those polysaccharides(complex carbohydrates) found in foods other thanstarches. They are the major part of dietary fibre (see fibre,dietary) and can be measured more precisely than total dietaryfibre; include cellulose, pectins, glucans, gums, mucilages,inulin and chitin (and exclude lignin).The NSP in wheat, maizeand rice are mainly insoluble and have a laxative effect, whilethose in oats, barley, rye and beans are mainly soluble andhave a blood cholesterol-lowering effect. In vegetables the proportionsof soluble to insoluble are roughly equal but vary infruits.noodles pasta made with flour from various grains (e.g. rice,wheat, buckwheat, mung bean starch) and water; may have eggadded.nopales Stems or pads of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntiaspp.).Composition/100 g: (edible portion 96%) water 94.1g, 67 kJ(16 kcal), protein 1.3 g, fat 0.1 g, carbohydrate 3.3 g (1.1 g sugars),fibre 2.2g, ash 1.1g, Ca 164mg, Fe 0.6mg, Mg 52mg, P 16mg, K257 mg, Na 21 mg, Zn 0.3 mg, Cu 0.1 mg, Mn 0.5 mg, Se 0.7 µg,vitamin A 23µg RE (298µg carotenoids), K 5.3 mg, B 1 0.01 mg,B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 0.4 mg, B 6 0.07 mg, folate 3 µg, pantothenate0.2 mg, C 9 mg.