Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

268sor of the croissant, believed to have been introduced to Franceby Marie Antoinette.kipper Herring that has been lightly salted and smoked, inventedby John Woodger, a fish curer of Seahouses, Northumberland,1843. Dried to 60% water.Kirschner number Measure of the water-soluble fatty acids up toand including butyric acid in a lipid.See also polenske number; reichert–meissl number; steamdistillation.kishk North African, Middle Eastern, East Asian; yogurt or fermentedmilk mixed with parboiled or crushed wheat or flour andleft to ferment for 2–3 days, then shaped into small balls anddried. Used in soups.kisra Sudanese; thin flat bread made from sorghum.The batter ismixed with a starter from a previous batch and left to undergolactic acid bacterial and yeast fermentation overnight, thenpoured onto heated plate to bake for about 1 minute.kitul See toddy palm.kiwano Fruit of Cucumis metuliferus, originally from arid regionsof southern and central Africa, now grown commercially inAustralia and New Zealand, but with a limited market because ofits bland flavour. Also known as melano, African horned cucumber,jelly melon, hedged gourd, horned melon, English tomato.kiwi Fruit of Actinidia sinensis, originally native of China and alsoknown as Chinese gooseberry.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 86%) water 83 g, 255 kJ(61 kcal), protein 1.1 g, fat 0.5 g, carbohydrate 14.7 g (9 g sugars),fibre 3 g,ash 0.6 g,Ca 34 mg,Fe 0.3 mg,Mg 17 mg,P 34 mg,K 312 mg,Na 3mg, Zn 0.1mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.1mg, Se 0.2µg, vitamin A 4µgRE (174µg carotenoids), E 1.5 mg, K 40.3 mg, B 1 0.03 mg, B 20.03 mg, niacin 0.3 mg, B 6 0.06 mg, folate 25 µg, pantothenate0.2 mg, C 93 mg.A 60 g serving is a rich source of vitamin C.Kjeldahl determination Widely used method of determining totalnitrogen in a substance by digesting with sulphuric acid and acatalyst first described in 1883; the nitrogen is reduced toammonia which is then measured. In foodstuffs most of the nitrogenis protein, and the term crude protein is the total ‘Kjeldahlnitrogen’ multiplied by factor 6.25 (since most proteins contain16% nitrogen).See also nitrogen conversion factor.Klim TM Dried milk powder.klipfish Salted and dried cod, mainly produced in Norway, alsoknown as bacalao or bacalau. The fish is boned, stored in salt fora month, washed and dried slowly.See also stockfish.