Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

249adults, often with fatal results. Also used in connection withdeliberate reduction of body temperature to 28 °C to permitheart and brain surgery.hypothyroidism Underactivity of the thyroid gland, leading toreduced secretion of thyroid hormones and a reduction in basalmetabolic rate. Commonly associated with goitre due to iodinedeficiency. In hypothyroid adults there is a characteristic moonfacedappearance, lethargy and dull mental apathy. In infants,hypothyroidism can lead to severe mental retardation, cretinism.See also thyrotoxicosis.hypotonic A solution more dilute than the body fluids, Seeisotonic.hypovitaminosis vitamin deficiency.hypoxanthine A purine, an intermediate in the metabolism ofadenine and guanine to uric acid.hyssop Pungent aromatic herb, Hyssopus officinalis, used insalads, soups and in making liqueurs.Iiatrogenic A condition caused by medical intervention or drugtreatment; iatrogenic nutrient deficiency is caused by drug–nutrient interactions.IBC Intermediate bulk container.iberian moss See carrageenan.ice cream A frozen confection made from fat, milk solids andsugar. Some European countries permit the use of non-milk fatand term the product ice cream, while if milk fat is used, it istermed dairy ice cream. According to UK regulations, containsnot less than 5% fat and 7% other milk solids. In the USA theminimum butterfat content is 10% with at least 20% total milksolids. Reduced fat ice cream contains 25% less fat, and light icecream 50% less fat, or one-third less energy (and less than 50%of energy from fat). Low-fat ice cream contains not more than3g, and non-fat ice cream less than 0.5 g milk fat per serving.Stabilisers such as carboxymethylcellulose, gums and alginatesare included, and emulsifiers such as polysorbate and monoglycerides.Mono- and diglycerides bind the looser globules of waterand are added in ‘non-drip’ ice cream.ice, eutectic See eutectic ice.Iceland moss A lichen, Cetraria islandica, that can be boiled tomake a jelly.ichthyosarcotoxins Toxins in fish.IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.