Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

arkshell See cockles.armagnac brandy made from white wine from one of threedefined areas of France: Bas-Armagnac, Haut-Armagnac orTénarèze.See also cognac.Armenian bole Ferric oxide (iron oxide), either occurring naturallyas haematite or prepared by heating ferrous sulphate andother iron salts. Used in metallurgy, polishing compounds, paintpigment and as a food colour (E-172).Arogel TM Potato starch preparation that is stable to heating andis used as a thickener in gravies, sauces and canned foods.Aros See p. 4000.arracacha Also know as Peruvian carrot, Andean (Colombian)root vegetable from the legume Arracacia xanthoriza, eaten likepotatoes or to make a flour.arrowhead Aquatic plants (Sagittaria sagittifolia and S. chinensis);both leaves and starchy root used in Chinese cooking. Alsoknown as tule potato or wappato.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 75%) water 72.5 g, 414 kJ(99 kcal), protein 5.3 g, fat 0.3 g, carbohydrate 20.2 g, ash 1.7 g, Ca10mg, Fe 2.6mg, Mg 51mg, P 174mg, K 922mg, Na 22mg, Zn 0.3mg, Cu 0.2 mg, Mn 0.4 mg, Se 0.7 µg, B 1 0.17 mg, B 2 0.07 mg, niacin1.6 mg, B 6 0.26 mg, folate 14 µg, pantothenate 0.6 mg, C 1 mg.arrowroot Tuber of the Caribbean plant Maranta arundinacea,mainly used to prepare arrowroot starch, a pure starch, used tothicken sauces and in bland, low-salt and protein-restricted diets.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 85%) water 80.8 g, 272 kJ(65 kcal), protein 4.2 g, fat 0.2 g, carbohydrate 13.4 g, fibre 1.3 g,ash 1.4 g, Ca 6 mg, Fe 2.2 mg, Mg 25 mg, P 98 mg, K 454 mg, Na26mg, Zn 0.6mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.2mg, Se 0.7µg, vitamin A 1µgRE (11 µg carotenoids), B 1 0.14 mg, B 2 0.06 mg, niacin 1.7 mg, B 60.27 mg, folate 338 µg, pantothenate 0.3 mg, C 2 mg.Arrowroot flour, composition/100 g: water 11.4 g, 1494 kJ (357kcal), protein 0.3 g, fat 0.1 g, carbohydrate 88.2 g, fibre 3.4 g, ash0.1 g, Ca 40 mg, Fe 0.3 mg, Mg 3 mg, P 5 mg, K 11 mg, Na 2 mg, Zn0.1 mg, Mn 0.5 mg, folate 7 µg, pantothenate 0.1 mg.arroz fermentado (arroz amarillo) See rice, fermented.arsenic A toxic metal, with no known metabolic function. Organicarsenic derivatives (arsenicals) have been used as pesticidesand in treatment of diseases such as syphilis, leprosy and yaws.Arsenic can accumulate in crops treated with arsenicalpesticides, and in fish and shellfish living in arsenic-pollutedwater.arteriolsclerosis Thickening of the walls of the arterioles due toageing or hypertension.37