Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

156oxidative phosphorylation; was formerly used as a slimmingagent.dinitrophenylhydrazine Reacts with many reducing sugars toform dinitrophenylhydrazones that have characteristic absorptionspectra and crystal shapes. Widely used for identification ofsugars before the development of modern chromatographictechniques. Also used for colorimetric determination of dehydroascorbateand total vitamin c after oxidation to dehydroascorbateusing Cu 2+ salts.dipeptidases Enzymes (EC 3.4.14.x) in the intestinal mucosalbrush border that hydrolyse dipeptides to their constituentamino acids.dipeptide A peptide consisting of two amino acids.diphenoxylate See antidiarrhoeal agents; antimotility agents.diphenyl Also known as biphenyl (E-230), one of two compounds(the other is orthophenylphenol, OPP, E-231) used for the treatmentof fruit after harvesting, to prevent the growth of mould.diphenylhydantoin Anticonvulsant used in treatment of epilepsy;inhibits absorption of folic acid and can lead to folate deficiencyand megaloblastic anaemia.diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) Obsolete name for nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide, nad.diphyllobothriasis Intestinal infestation with the broad tapewormDiphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm). Infection is fromeating uncooked fish containing the larval stage. May causevitamin b 12 deficiency by impairing absorption.dipsa Foods that cause thirst.dipsesis (dipsosis) Extreme thirst, a craving for abnormal kindsof drinks.dipsetic Tending to produce thirst.dipsogen A thirst-provoking agent.dipsomania An imperative morbid craving for alcoholic drinks.direct extract See meat extract.disaccharidases Enzymes (EC 3.2.1.x) that hydrolyse disaccharidesto their constituent monosaccharides in the intestinalmucosa: sucrase (also known as invertase) acts on sucrose andisomaltose, lactase on lactose, maltase on maltose and trehalaseon trehalose.disaccharide Sugars composed of two monosaccharide units;the nutritionally important disaccharides are sucrose, lactose,maltose and trehalose.See also carbohydrate.disaccharide intolerance Impaired ability to digest lactose,maltose or sucrose, owing to lack of lactase, maltase or sucrasein the small intestinal mucosa. The undigested sugars remain in