Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

490vasopressin Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the pituitary; actsto increase resorption of water in the kidneys and to constrictblood vessels.VCD See vacuum contact drying.VDP Volatile decomposition products.veal Meat of young calf (Bos taurus) 2 1 / 2 –3 months old.Composition/100 g: water 76 g, 456 kJ (109 kcal), protein 20.3 g,fat 2.5 g (of which 42% saturated, 42% mono-unsaturated, 16%polyunsaturated), cholesterol 84 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.1 g,Ca 17 mg, Fe 0.9 mg, Mg 25 mg, P 213 mg, K 331 mg, Na 83 mg,Zn 3.5mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 8.8µg, vitamin E 0.3 mg, B 1 0.09 mg,B 2 0.29 mg, niacin 7.4 mg, B 6 0.45 mg, folate 13 µg, B 12 1.5µg,pantothenate 1.3 mg. A 100 g serving is a source of Se, vitaminB 2 ,a good source of P, Zn, vitamin B 6 , pantothenate, a rich sourceof niacin, vitamin B 12 .vegans Those who consume no foods of animal origin. Seevegetarians.Vegemite TM Australian; yeast extract.vegetable See fruit.vegetable butters See cocoa butter equivalents; cocoa buttersubstitutes.vegetable oyster See salsify.vegetable pepsin See papain.vegetable protein products General term to include textured soyaand other bean products, often made to simulate meat (see texturedvegetable protein). The basic material is termed flourwhen the protein content is not less than 50%; concentrate, notless than 65%; isolate, not less than 90% protein.vegetable spaghetti See spaghetti squash.vegetarians Those who do not eat meat or fish, either forethical/religious reasons or because they believe that a meat-freediet confers health benefits. Apart from a risk of vitamin b 12 deficiency,there are no adverse effects of a wholly meat-free diet,although vegetarian women are more at risk of iron deficiencythan those who eat meat. Vitamin B 12 is found only in meat andmeat products, but supplements prepared by bacterial fermentation(and hence ethically acceptable to the strictest of vegetarians)are available.The strictest vegetarians are vegans, who consume no productsof animal origin at all. Those who consume milk and milk productsare termed lacto-vegetarians; those who also eat eggs, ovolacto-vegetarians.Some vegetarians (pescetarians) will eat fish,but not meat; demi-vegetarians eat little or no meat, or eatpoultry but not red meat.veitchberry Variety of loganberry.veltol See maltol.