Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

422salsify (oyster plant, vegetable oyster) Long, white, tapering rootof the biennial plant Tragopogon porrifolius.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 87%) water 77 g, 343 kJ(82 kcal), protein 3.3 g, fat 0.2 g, carbohydrate 18.6 g, fibre 3.3 g,ash 0.9 g, Ca 60 mg, Fe 0.7 mg, Mg 23 mg, P 75 mg, K 380 mg, Na20mg, Zn 0.4mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.3mg, Se 0.8µg, vitamin B 10.08 mg, B 2 0.22 mg, niacin 0.5 mg, B 6 0.28 mg, folate 26 µg,pantothenate 0.4 mg, C 8 mg.Black salsify is very similar; hardy perennial, Scorzonera hispanica(sometimes used roasted as coffee substitute).salt Usually refers to sodium chloride, common salt or table salt(chemically any product of reaction between an acid and analkali is a salt). The main sources are either mining in areaswhere there are rich deposits of crystalline salt, or evaporationof seawater in shallow pans (known as sea salt).See also buffers; sodium.salt-free diets Diets low in sodium, for the treatment of hypertensionand other conditions. Most of the sodium of the diet isconsumed as sodium chloride or salt, and hence such diets arereferred to as salt-restricted or low-salt diets, or sometimes ‘saltfree’,to emphasise that no salt is added to foods in preparationor at the table. Since foods naturally contain sodium chloride, atruly salt-free diet is not possible. It is the sodium and not thechloride that is important.See also hypertension; salt, light.salting Method of preserving meat, fish and some vegetablesusing salt and saltpetre.salt, light (lite) Mixtures of sodium chloride with potassium andammonium chlorides together with citrates, formates, phosphates,glutamates, as well as herbs and spices and/or other substancesto reduce the intake of sodium and improve thepalatability of salt-free diets.saltpetre (Bengal saltpetre) Potassium nitrate.salts, Indian Ancient Greek and Roman name for sugar.sambal goring See trassi.SAMI Socially acceptable monitoring instrument. A smallheart-rate-counting apparatus used to estimate energy expenditureof human subjects.samna Clarified butter fat, see butter; ghee.samosa Indian; deep-fried stuffed pancakes, rolled into a cone orfolded into an envelope.samp Coarsely cut portions of maize with bran and germ partlyremoved.See also hominy.