Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

102celtuce Stem lettuce, Lactuca sativa; enlarged stem eaten raw orcooked, with a flavour between celery and lettuce; leaves are notpalatable.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 75%) water 95g, 75 kJ(18 kcal), protein 0.9 g, fat 0.3 g, carbohydrate 3.7 g, fibre 1.7 g, ash0.7 g, Ca 39 mg, Fe 0.6 mg, Mg 28 mg, P 39 mg, K 330 mg, Na11mg, Zn 0.3mg, Mn 0.7mg, Se 0.9µg, vitamin A 175 µg RE, B 10.05 mg, B 2 0.07 mg, niacin 0.6 mg, B 6 0.05 mg, folate 46 µg, pantothenate0.2 mg, C 20 mg.centrifuge A machine that exerts a force many thousand times thatof gravity,by spinning.Commonly used to clarify liquids by settlingthe heavier solids or to separate liquids of different density, e.g.cream from milk. High-speed centrifuges run up to 60 000g;preparative and analytical ultracentrifuges at 500 000–600 000g.cereal Any grain or edible seed of the grass family that may beused as food; e.g. wheat, rice, oats, barley, rye, maize andmillet. Cereals are collectively known as corn in the UK; in theUSA corn is specifically maize. Cereals provide the largest singlefoodstuff in most diets; in some less developed countries up to90% of the total diet may be cereal; in the UK bread and flourprovide 25–30% of the total energy and protein of the averagediet.cereals, puffed Whole grains, grain parts, or a shaped dough,expanded by subjecting to heat and pressure to produce a verylight and airy product.See also extrusion; puffing gun.cerebrose Obsolete name for galactose.cerebrosides Glycolipids containing no phosphate, but with apolar head region consisting of neutral oligosaccharides ofgalactose. Especially important in nerve membranes and themyelin sheath of nerves. The fatty acids may be esterified toeither glycerol or sphingosine (sphingolipids).See also gangliosides.cerelose A commercial preparation of glucose containing about9% water.ceroid pigment Age spots or liver spots. Patches of brownpigment under the skin, increasing with age, believed to be dueto accumulation of the products of oxidation of fatty acids andprotein.ceruloplasmin A copper-containing protein in blood plasma,themain circulating form of copper in the body. Has ferrioxidase(EC 1.16.3.1) activity and is important in iron metabolism. Notuseful for assessment of copper status since levels are elevatedin pregnancy, lactation, inflammatory diseases and in response tooral contraceptive agents.